diff --git a/docs/src/components/common-ui/vben-form.md b/docs/src/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
index ccb2419b..c21c6420 100644
--- a/docs/src/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
+++ b/docs/src/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
@@ -269,6 +269,22 @@ const [Form, formApi] = useVbenForm({
 
 <DemoPreview dir="demos/vben-form/value-format" />
 
+## 性能基准
+
+表单性能基准覆盖组件初始化、单字段与批量更新、重置、Zod 校验、动态 schema、字段联动、codec 编码与快照，以及数组字段编辑、增删和子 schema 更新。完整运行：
+
+```bash
+pnpm test:benchmark
+```
+
+只检查表单相关基准时，可以直接指定文件：
+
+```bash
+pnpm exec vitest bench --run packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts
+```
+
+基准结果用于比较同一环境、同一场景在修改前后的相对变化，不应把单次运行的绝对耗时作为跨机器阈值。运行前应停止开发服务器等高 CPU 任务，并保持 Node.js 版本一致。benchmark 文件不会进入普通 `test:unit` 流程。
+
 ## 表单校验
 
 表单校验是一个非常重要的功能，可以通过 `rules` 属性进行校验。
@@ -320,7 +336,7 @@ const [Form, formApi] = useVbenForm({
 
 ### 类型传递与插槽
 
-使用 `useVbenForm<TFormValues, TSubmitValues>` 分别声明组件表单值和提交值。schema、slots、`setValues`、`formApi.form.values` 使用 `TFormValues`；`getValues`、submit 和 `handleSubmit` 第一参数使用 `TSubmitValues`。两种结构相同时只传一个泛型即可。
+使用 `useVbenForm<TFormValues, TSubmitValues>` 分别声明组件表单值和提交值。schema、slots、`setValues`、`getRawValues()` 使用 `TFormValues`；`getValues()` 和 `submit()` 返回 `Promise<TSubmitValues>`，其中 `submit()` 只接收可选的原生 `Event`；`handleSubmit` 第一参数使用 `TSubmitValues`。两种结构相同时只传一个泛型即可。
 
 ```vue
 <script setup lang="ts">
@@ -450,6 +466,12 @@ const submitting = formApi.form.useSelector((state) => state.meta.submitting);
 | compact | 是否紧凑模式(忽略为校验信息所预留的空间) | `boolean` | false |
 | scrollToFirstError | 表单验证失败时是否自动滚动到第一个错误字段 | `boolean` | false |
 
+::: warning formApi.form 的挂载时机
+
+`formApi.form` 是 `<Form />` 挂载后注入的 `FormContextApi`。不要在调用 `useVbenForm` 时从第二个返回值中解构或缓存 `form`，否则会保留挂载前的空引用。业务操作优先使用 `formApi` 上会等待挂载的公开方法，例如 `getRawValues()`、`setFieldError()`、`setFieldValue()` 和 `validate()`；只有在已经挂载的表单上下文中才直接使用 `formApi.form` 的细粒度订阅方法。
+
+:::
+
 ::: tip handleValuesChange
 
 `handleValuesChange` 的第一个参数是未编码的只读 `TFormValues`，第二个参数是本次发生变化的 schema 字段名。第三个参数 `getFormattedValues` 是惰性函数：不调用就不会执行 codec 或旧格式化管道。
diff --git a/docs/src/demos/vben-form/value-format/index.vue b/docs/src/demos/vben-form/value-format/index.vue
index c3d8bcc2..559099dc 100644
--- a/docs/src/demos/vben-form/value-format/index.vue
+++ b/docs/src/demos/vben-form/value-format/index.vue
@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ function handleValuesChange(
 }
 
 async function syncPreviewValues(values?: Readonly<ValueFormatFormValues>) {
-  liveValues.value = { ...(values ?? formApi.form?.values ?? {}) };
+  const rawValues = values ?? (await formApi.getRawValues());
+  liveValues.value = { ...rawValues };
   transformedValues.value = await formApi.getValues();
 }
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
     </Card>
 
     <div class="grid gap-4 lg:grid-cols-2">
-      <Card title="原始 form.values（组件值）">
+      <Card title="getRawValues() 输出（组件值）">
         <pre class="bg-muted overflow-auto rounded-md p-4 text-sm">{{
           liveValuesPreview
         }}</pre>
diff --git a/docs/src/en/components/common-ui/vben-form.md b/docs/src/en/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
index 809dceac..61173123 100644
--- a/docs/src/en/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
+++ b/docs/src/en/components/common-ui/vben-form.md
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Create the form through `useVbenForm`:
 
 ## Typed Values and Slots
 
-Use `useVbenForm<TFormValues, TSubmitValues>` to declare component-facing form values and submission values separately. Schema, slots, selectors, and `setValues` use `TFormValues`; `getValues`, submit, and the first `handleSubmit` argument use `TSubmitValues`. Pass one generic when both shapes are identical.
+Use `useVbenForm<TFormValues, TSubmitValues>` to declare component-facing form values and submission values separately. Schema, slots, selectors, and `setValues` use `TFormValues`; `getValues()` and `submit()` return `Promise<TSubmitValues>`, while `submit()` only accepts an optional native `Event`; the first `handleSubmit` argument is `TSubmitValues`. Pass one generic when both shapes are identical.
 
 ```vue
 <script setup lang="ts">
@@ -281,6 +281,28 @@ const [Form, formApi] = useVbenForm({
 
 `schema.valueFormat`, `fieldMappingTime`, and `arrayToStringFields` remain runtime-compatible but are deprecated. When a codec is configured it takes precedence and deprecated transforms are ignored.
 
+## Performance Benchmarks
+
+The form benchmarks cover component initialization, single-field and batch updates, reset, Zod validation, dynamic schemas, dependencies, codec encoding and snapshots, plus array editing, row mutations, and child-schema updates. Run the complete benchmark suite with:
+
+```bash
+pnpm test:benchmark
+```
+
+To run only the form benchmarks, pass both files explicitly:
+
+```bash
+pnpm exec vitest bench --run packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts
+```
+
+Use benchmark results to compare relative changes on the same machine and runtime; do not treat one run's absolute timings as portable thresholds. Stop CPU-intensive development servers first and keep the Node.js version consistent. Benchmark files are not included in the regular `test:unit` command.
+
+::: warning Mounted form context
+
+`formApi.form` is the `FormContextApi` injected after `<Form />` mounts. Do not destructure or cache `form` from the second `useVbenForm` return value during setup, because that captures the pre-mount empty reference. Prefer mount-aware public methods such as `getRawValues()`, `setFieldError()`, `setFieldValue()`, and `validate()` for business actions. Access fine-grained subscription methods on `formApi.form` only from an already-mounted form context.
+
+:::
+
 ## Key API Notes
 
 - `useVbenForm` returns `[Form, formApi]`
@@ -295,7 +317,7 @@ const [Form, formApi] = useVbenForm({
 - `handleSubmit(values, rawValues)` receives the formatted payload and its corresponding raw snapshot
 - `fieldMappingTime`, `arrayToStringFields`, and `schema.valueFormat` are deprecated compatibility options
 - `codec.encode` defines the `getValues()` payload and `codec.decode` powers complete `setSubmitValues()` fills
-- `formApi.form` is the stable `FormContextApi`; raw TanStack generics are intentionally not exposed
+- `formApi.form` exposes the mounted `FormContextApi`; do not destructure or cache it before `<Form />` mounts
 - prefer `formApi.form.useFieldValue`, `useFieldValues`, and `useFieldError` for fine-grained subscriptions; use `useValues` only when the whole form is required
 - `useSelector` remains the compatibility selector for combined `{ values, errors, meta }` state
 - legacy `setupVbenForm({ defineRules })` still works, warns once in development, and is silent in production; use `rules` for new code
diff --git a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/benchmark-fixtures.ts b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/benchmark-fixtures.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6e9f004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/benchmark-fixtures.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { defineComponent, h } from 'vue';
+
+export const TestInput = defineComponent({
+  inheritAttrs: false,
+  emits: ['update:modelValue'],
+  setup(_props, { attrs, emit }) {
+    function handleInput(event: Event) {
+      const target = event.target;
+      if (target instanceof HTMLInputElement) {
+        emit('update:modelValue', target.value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return () =>
+      h('input', {
+        ...attrs,
+        onInput: handleInput,
+        value: attrs.modelValue ?? '',
+      });
+  },
+});
diff --git a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-api.test.ts b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-api.test.ts
index deaa429f..afa44b85 100644
--- a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-api.test.ts
+++ b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-api.test.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,20 @@ describe('formApi', () => {
     expect(values).toEqual({ name: 'test' });
   });
 
+  it('should set a field error through the public api', async () => {
+    const setFieldError = vi.fn();
+    const formActions: any = {
+      meta: {},
+      setFieldError,
+      values: {},
+    };
+
+    formApi.mount(formActions, new Map());
+    await formApi.setFieldError('password', 'Invalid password');
+
+    expect(setFieldError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('password', 'Invalid password');
+  });
+
   it('should format schema values when getting values', async () => {
     formApi.setState({
       schema: [
diff --git a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts
index 498fa83d..31e2a256 100644
--- a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts
+++ b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-component-performance.benchmark.ts
@@ -1,38 +1,19 @@
 import type { FormSchema } from '../src/types';
 
 import { flushPromises, mount } from '@vue/test-utils';
-import { defineComponent, h, nextTick } from 'vue';
+import { nextTick } from 'vue';
 
 import { afterAll, bench, describe } from 'vitest';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import { setupVbenForm } from '../src/config';
 import { useVbenForm } from '../src/use-vben-form';
+import { TestInput } from './benchmark-fixtures';
 
 const BENCHMARK_OPTIONS = { time: 750, warmupTime: 150 } as const;
 const FIELD_COUNT = 100;
 const MOUNT_FIELD_COUNT = 50;
 
-const TestInput = defineComponent({
-  inheritAttrs: false,
-  emits: ['update:modelValue'],
-  setup(_props, { attrs, emit }) {
-    function handleInput(event: Event) {
-      const target = event.target;
-      if (target instanceof HTMLInputElement) {
-        emit('update:modelValue', target.value);
-      }
-    }
-
-    return () =>
-      h('input', {
-        ...attrs,
-        onInput: handleInput,
-        value: attrs.modelValue ?? '',
-      });
-  },
-});
-
 function createFlatSchema(
   fieldCount: number,
   withRules: boolean = false,
diff --git a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts
index 11e7c8a9..0da730bf 100644
--- a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts
+++ b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/__tests__/form-performance.benchmark.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { flushPromises, mount } from '@vue/test-utils';
-import { defineComponent, h, nextTick } from 'vue';
+import { nextTick } from 'vue';
 
 import { afterAll, bench, describe } from 'vitest';
 
 import { setupVbenForm } from '../src/config';
-import { FormApi } from '../src/form-api';
 import { encodeFormValues } from '../src/form-codec';
 import { useVbenForm } from '../src/use-vben-form';
+import { TestInput } from './benchmark-fixtures';
 
 interface ContactValues {
   enabled: boolean;
@@ -30,26 +30,6 @@ interface PerformanceFormValues extends Record<string, unknown> {
 
 const ROW_COUNT = 100;
 
-const TestInput = defineComponent({
-  inheritAttrs: false,
-  emits: ['update:modelValue'],
-  setup(_props, { attrs, emit }) {
-    function handleInput(event: Event) {
-      const target = event.target;
-      if (target instanceof HTMLInputElement) {
-        emit('update:modelValue', target.value);
-      }
-    }
-
-    return () =>
-      h('input', {
-        ...attrs,
-        onInput: handleInput,
-        value: attrs.modelValue ?? '',
-      });
-  },
-});
-
 function createFormValues(): PerformanceFormValues {
   return {
     contacts: Array.from({ length: ROW_COUNT }, (_, index) => ({
@@ -82,10 +62,24 @@ const codec = {
 };
 
 const formValues = createFormValues();
-const codecFormApi = new FormApi<PerformanceFormValues>({ codec });
-codecFormApi.mount({ meta: {}, values: formValues } as never, new Map());
-
 setupVbenForm({ config: {}, rules: {} });
+const [CodecForm, codecFormApi] = useVbenForm<PerformanceFormValues>({
+  codec,
+  schema: [
+    {
+      component: TestInput,
+      defaultValue: formValues.contacts,
+      fieldName: 'contacts',
+    },
+    {
+      component: TestInput,
+      defaultValue: formValues.settings,
+      fieldName: 'settings',
+    },
+  ],
+  showDefaultActions: false,
+});
+const codecWrapper = mount(CodecForm);
 const [ArrayForm, arrayFormApi] = useVbenForm({
   schema: [
     {
@@ -115,6 +109,7 @@ let arraySchemaIteration = 0;
 
 afterAll(() => {
   arrayWrapper.unmount();
+  codecWrapper.unmount();
 });
 
 describe('form codec performance', () => {
diff --git a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/src/form-api.ts b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/src/form-api.ts
index b47eb125..2f371e02 100644
--- a/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/src/form-api.ts
+++ b/packages/@core/ui-kit/form-ui/src/form-api.ts
@@ -404,6 +404,11 @@ export class FormApi<
     }
   }
 
+  async setFieldError(fieldName: FormFieldName<TFormValues>, error?: string) {
+    const form = await this.getForm();
+    form.setFieldError(fieldName, error);
+  }
+
   async setFieldValue<TFieldName extends FormFieldName<TFormValues>>(
     field: TFieldName,
     value: FormFieldValue<TFormValues, NoInfer<TFieldName>>,
diff --git a/packages/effects/layouts/src/widgets/lock-screen/lock-screen.vue b/packages/effects/layouts/src/widgets/lock-screen/lock-screen.vue
index 76f2e5db..75e24015 100644
--- a/packages/effects/layouts/src/widgets/lock-screen/lock-screen.vue
+++ b/packages/effects/layouts/src/widgets/lock-screen/lock-screen.vue
@@ -37,38 +37,38 @@ const date = useDateFormat(now, 'YYYY-MM-DD dddd', { locales: locale.value });
 const showUnlockForm = ref(false);
 const { lockScreenPassword } = storeToRefs(accessStore);
 
-const [Form, { form, validate, getFieldComponentRef }] = useVbenForm(
-  reactive({
-    commonConfig: {
-      hideLabel: true,
-      hideRequiredMark: true,
-    },
-    schema: computed(() => [
-      {
-        component: 'VbenInputPassword' as const,
-        componentProps: {
-          placeholder: $t('ui.widgets.lockScreen.placeholder'),
-        },
-        fieldName: 'password',
-        label: $t('authentication.password'),
-        rules: z.string().min(1, { message: $t('authentication.passwordTip') }),
+const [Form, { getFieldComponentRef, getRawValues, setFieldError, validate }] =
+  useVbenForm(
+    reactive({
+      commonConfig: {
+        hideLabel: true,
+        hideRequiredMark: true,
       },
-    ]),
-    showDefaultActions: false,
-  }),
-);
-
-const validPass = computed(
-  () => lockScreenPassword?.value === form?.values?.password,
-);
+      schema: computed(() => [
+        {
+          component: 'VbenInputPassword' as const,
+          componentProps: {
+            placeholder: $t('ui.widgets.lockScreen.placeholder'),
+          },
+          fieldName: 'password',
+          label: $t('authentication.password'),
+          rules: z
+            .string()
+            .min(1, { message: $t('authentication.passwordTip') }),
+        },
+      ]),
+      showDefaultActions: false,
+    }),
+  );
 
 async function handleSubmit() {
   const { valid } = await validate();
   if (valid) {
-    if (validPass.value) {
+    const { password } = await getRawValues();
+    if (lockScreenPassword?.value === password) {
       accessStore.unlockScreen();
     } else {
-      form.setFieldError('password', $t('authentication.passwordErrorTip'));
+      await setFieldError('password', $t('authentication.passwordErrorTip'));
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/effects/plugins/src/vxe-table/use-vxe-grid.vue b/packages/effects/plugins/src/vxe-table/use-vxe-grid.vue
index 3f0b96e3..5291568f 100644
--- a/packages/effects/plugins/src/vxe-table/use-vxe-grid.vue
+++ b/packages/effects/plugins/src/vxe-table/use-vxe-grid.vue
@@ -339,7 +339,6 @@ async function init() {
       'query',
       formOptions.value ? ((await formApi.getValues()) ?? {}) : {},
     );
-    // props.api.reload(formApi.form?.values ?? {});
   }
 
   // form 由 vben-form代替，所以不适配formConfig，这里给出警告
diff --git a/playground/__tests__/unit/date-range-codec.test.ts b/playground/__tests__/unit/date-range-codec.test.ts
index 589ffe30..690008e9 100644
--- a/playground/__tests__/unit/date-range-codec.test.ts
+++ b/playground/__tests__/unit/date-range-codec.test.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,37 @@ const codec = createDateRangeCodec<SearchFormValues>()({
 });
 
 describe('date range codec', () => {
+  it('only accepts optional date range fields', () => {
+    interface RangeFieldCandidates extends Record<string, unknown> {
+      optionalRange?: [Dayjs, Dayjs];
+      optionalText?: string;
+      requiredRange: [Dayjs, Dayjs];
+    }
+
+    const createCodec = createDateRangeCodec<RangeFieldCandidates>();
+    const optionalRangeCodec = createCodec({
+      endField: 'end',
+      rangeField: 'optionalRange',
+      startField: 'start',
+    });
+    expect(optionalRangeCodec).toEqual({
+      decode: expect.any(Function),
+      encode: expect.any(Function),
+    });
+    createCodec({
+      endField: 'end',
+      // @ts-expect-error A required range cannot be omitted by decode.
+      rangeField: 'requiredRange',
+      startField: 'start',
+    });
+    createCodec({
+      endField: 'end',
+      // @ts-expect-error The range field must contain a DateRange.
+      rangeField: 'optionalText',
+      startField: 'start',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('encodes and decodes configurable date range fields', () => {
     const submitValues = codec.encode({
       createdAt: [dayjs('2026-07-01'), dayjs('2026-07-23')],
diff --git a/playground/src/utils/date-range-codec.ts b/playground/src/utils/date-range-codec.ts
index 00243e7f..4b4b0e51 100644
--- a/playground/src/utils/date-range-codec.ts
+++ b/playground/src/utils/date-range-codec.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@ import dayjs from 'dayjs';
 
 type DateRange = [Dayjs, Dayjs];
 
+type OptionalDateRangeField<
+  TFormValues extends Record<string, unknown>,
+  TRangeField extends keyof TFormValues,
+> =
+  Record<never, never> extends Pick<TFormValues, TRangeField>
+    ? [Exclude<TFormValues[TRangeField], undefined>] extends [never]
+      ? never
+      : Exclude<TFormValues[TRangeField], undefined> extends DateRange
+        ? TRangeField
+        : never
+    : never;
+
 type DateRangeSubmitValues<
   TFormValues extends Record<string, unknown>,
   TRangeField extends keyof TFormValues,
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@ interface DateRangeCodecOptions<
   TEndField extends string,
 > {
   endField: TEndField;
-  rangeField: TRangeField;
+  rangeField: OptionalDateRangeField<TFormValues, TRangeField> & TRangeField;
   startField: TStartField;
 }
 
@@ -30,11 +42,16 @@ export function createDateRangeCodec<
     TRangeField extends keyof TFormValues & string,
     TStartField extends string,
     TEndField extends string,
-  >({
-    endField,
-    rangeField,
-    startField,
-  }: DateRangeCodecOptions<TFormValues, TRangeField, TStartField, TEndField>) {
+  >(
+    options: DateRangeCodecOptions<
+      TFormValues,
+      TRangeField,
+      TStartField,
+      TEndField
+    >,
+  ) {
+    const { endField, startField } = options;
+    const rangeField = options.rangeField as TRangeField;
     type SubmitValues = DateRangeSubmitValues<
       TFormValues,
       TRangeField,
diff --git a/playground/src/views/examples/form/value-format.vue b/playground/src/views/examples/form/value-format.vue
index 2181cf22..5a1a2eb9 100644
--- a/playground/src/views/examples/form/value-format.vue
+++ b/playground/src/views/examples/form/value-format.vue
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ function handleValuesChange(
 }
 
 async function syncPreviewValues(values?: Readonly<ValueFormatFormValues>) {
-  liveValues.value = { ...(values ?? formApi.form?.values) };
+  const rawValues = values ?? (await formApi.getRawValues());
+  liveValues.value = { ...rawValues };
   transformedValues.value = await formApi.getValues();
 }
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
     <template #description>
       <div class="text-muted-foreground space-y-2">
         <p>
-          <code>form.values</code> 保持组件原始值，<code>getValues()</code> /
+          <code>getRawValues()</code> 返回组件原始值，<code>getValues()</code> /
           提交时会按 <code>codec.encode</code> 输出 payload，回填时通过
           <code>codec.decode</code> 恢复组件值。
         </p>
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ onMounted(async () => {
     </Card>
 
     <div class="grid gap-4 lg:grid-cols-2">
-      <Card title="原始 form.values（组件值）">
+      <Card title="getRawValues() 输出（组件值）">
         <pre class="bg-muted overflow-auto rounded-md p-4 text-sm">{{
           liveValuesPreview
         }}</pre>