数据结构优化

2026-01-19 13:53:32 +08:00
parent e6edf7210b
commit 3443c10c92
38 changed files with 1556 additions and 2153 deletions
--- a/server/config/config.go
+++ b/server/config/config.go
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package config

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"

-	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
 )

-var DB *sql.DB
+var DB *gorm.DB

 // JWTSecret is the secret key used for signing JWT tokens
 var JWTSecret = "your-secret-key-change-this-in-production" // Default value
@@ -28,12 +29,20 @@ func InitDB() {
 		JWTSecret = secret
 	}

-	DB, err = sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
+	DB, err = gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Silent), // 禁用 GORM 日志，使用自定义日志
+		// 不使用 NowFunc，因为我们使用模型钩子手动处理 int64 时间戳
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to connect to database:", err)
 	}

-	if err = DB.Ping(); err != nil {
+	sqlDB, err := DB.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to get underlying sql.DB:", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = sqlDB.Ping(); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to ping database:", err)
 	}

@@ -42,6 +51,9 @@ func InitDB() {

 func CloseDB() {
 	if DB != nil {
-		DB.Close()
+		sqlDB, err := DB.DB()
+		if err == nil {
+			sqlDB.Close()
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/server/go.mod
+++ b/server/go.mod
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/lionsoul2014/ip2region/binding/golang v0.0.0-20260109033043-398149f17e54
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.40.0
+	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
 )

 require (
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.27.0 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
--- a/server/go.sum
+++ b/server/go.sum
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJn
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1/go.mod h1:xekY+UJKNuX9WP91TpwSH2VMlDf28Uj24BCp08ZFTUY=
 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.27.0 h1:w8+XrWVMhGkxOaaowyKH35gFydVHOvC0/uWoy2Fzwn4=
 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.27.0/go.mod h1:I5QpIEbmr8On7W0TktmJAumgzX4CA1XNl4ZmDuVHKKo=
+github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0/go.mod h1:OXbVy3sEdcQ2Doequ6Z5BW6fXNQTmx+9S1MCJN5yJMI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 h1:U/N249h2WzJ3Ukj8SowVFjdtZKfu9vlLZxjPXV1aweo=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3/go.mod h1:qn46aNg1333BRMNU69Lq93t8du/dwxI64Gl8i5p1WMU=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 h1:CrxCmQqYDkv1z7lO7Wbh2HN93uovUHgrECaO5ZrCXAU=
@@ -38,6 +39,10 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
+github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
+github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
+github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 h1:PV8peI4a0ysnczrg+LtxykD8LfKY9ML6u2jnxaEnrnM=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHmT4TnhNGBo=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 h1:S4CRMLnYUhGeDFDqkGriYKdfoFlDnMtqTiI/sFzhA9Y=
@@ -98,3 +103,8 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7 h1:MndhOPYOfEp2rHKgkZIhJ16eVUIRf2HmzgoPmh7FCWo=
+gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7/go.mod h1:sEtPWMiqiN1N1cMXoXmBbd8C6/l+TESwriotuRRpkDM=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
--- a/server/handlers/dashboard.go
+++ b/server/handlers/dashboard.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package handlers

 import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/repositories"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/utils"
 )
@@ -75,8 +74,7 @@ func GetDashboardStats(c *gin.Context) {
 	}

 	// 5. 合作咨询总数
-	var inquiryCount int
-	config.DB.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM inquiries WHERE deleted_at = 0").Scan(&inquiryCount)
+	inquiryCount, _ := repositories.GetInquiryCount()

 	// 6. 作品总数
 	workCount, _ := repositories.GetWorkCount()
--- a/server/ip2region.xdb
+++ b/server/ip2region.xdb
--- a/server/models/about.go
+++ b/server/models/about.go
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 type Experience struct {
 	Year    string `json:"year"`
 	Role    string `json:"role"`
@@ -8,19 +14,45 @@ type Experience struct {

 // AboutProfile 关于我页面数据模型
 type AboutProfile struct {
-	ID             uint         `json:"id"`
-	Name           string       `json:"name"`
-	Avatar         string       `json:"avatar"`
-	Location       string       `json:"location"`
-	Bio            string       `json:"bio"`
-	Email          string       `json:"email"`
-	Wechat         string       `json:"wechat"`
-	TechStack      string       `json:"-"`           // Stored as string in DB
-	TechList       []string     `json:"techStack"`   // Exposed as array in JSON
-	ExperiencesStr string       `json:"-"`           // Stored as string in DB
-	ExperienceList []Experience `json:"experiences"` // Exposed as array in JSON
-	IsPrimary      bool         `json:"isPrimary"`
-	CreatedAt      int64        `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt      int64        `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt      int64        `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID             uint         `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name           string       `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Avatar         string       `json:"avatar" gorm:"column:avatar"`
+	Location       string       `json:"location" gorm:"column:location"`
+	Bio            string       `json:"bio" gorm:"column:bio;type:text"`
+	Email          string       `json:"email" gorm:"column:email"`
+	Wechat         string       `json:"wechat" gorm:"column:wechat"`
+	TechStack      string       `json:"-" gorm:"column:tech_stack;type:text"`  // Stored as string in DB
+	TechList       []string     `json:"techStack" gorm:"-"`                    // Exposed as array in JSON
+	ExperiencesStr string       `json:"-" gorm:"column:experiences;type:text"` // Stored as string in DB
+	ExperienceList []Experience `json:"experiences" gorm:"-"`                  // Exposed as array in JSON
+	IsPrimary      bool         `json:"isPrimary" gorm:"column:is_primary;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt      int64        `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt      int64        `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt      int64        `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (AboutProfile) TableName() string {
+	return "about_profiles"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (a *AboutProfile) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if a.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		a.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if a.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		a.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if a.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		a.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (a *AboutProfile) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	a.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/access_log.go
+++ b/server/models/access_log.go
@@ -1,15 +1,37 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // AccessLog 访问日志模型
 type AccessLog struct {
-	ID           uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey"`
-	IP           string `json:"ip"`
-	UserAgent    string `json:"user_agent"`
-	Path         string `json:"path"`
-	Method       string `json:"method"`
-	StatusCode   int    `json:"status_code"`
-	ResponseTime int64  `json:"response_time"` // 毫秒
-	Region       string `json:"region"`        // IP归属地
-	CreatedAt    int64  `json:"created_at"`
-	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deleted_at"`
+	ID           uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	IP           string `json:"ip" gorm:"column:ip;index"`
+	UserAgent    string `json:"user_agent" gorm:"column:user_agent"`
+	Path         string `json:"path" gorm:"column:path;index"`
+	Method       string `json:"method" gorm:"column:method"`
+	StatusCode   int    `json:"status_code" gorm:"column:status_code"`
+	ResponseTime int64  `json:"response_time" gorm:"column:response_time"` // 毫秒
+	Region       string `json:"region" gorm:"column:region"`               // IP归属地
+	CreatedAt    int64  `json:"created_at" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deleted_at" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (AccessLog) TableName() string {
+	return "access_logs"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (a *AccessLog) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if a.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		a.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	if a.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		a.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/category.go
+++ b/server/models/category.go
@@ -1,13 +1,45 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Category 分类模型
 type Category struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Slug        string `json:"slug"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name        string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Slug        string `json:"slug" gorm:"column:slug;uniqueIndex"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Category) TableName() string {
+	return "categories"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (c *Category) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if c.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		c.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if c.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		c.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if c.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		c.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (c *Category) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	c.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/column.go
+++ b/server/models/column.go
@@ -1,22 +1,67 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Column 专栏模型
 type Column struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	Cover       string `json:"cover"`
-	IsActive    int    `json:"isActive"`
-	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name        string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	Cover       string `json:"cover" gorm:"column:cover"`
+	IsActive    int    `json:"isActive" gorm:"column:is_active;default:1"`
+	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Column) TableName() string {
+	return "columns"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (c *Column) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if c.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		c.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if c.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		c.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if c.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		c.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (c *Column) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	c.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // ColumnPost 专栏文章关联模型
 type ColumnPost struct {
-	ColumnID  uint  `json:"columnId"`
-	PostID    uint  `json:"postId"`
-	SortOrder uint  `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt int64 `json:"createdAt"`
+	ColumnID  uint  `json:"columnId" gorm:"primaryKey;column:column_id"`
+	PostID    uint  `json:"postId" gorm:"primaryKey;column:post_id"`
+	SortOrder uint  `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt int64 `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (ColumnPost) TableName() string {
+	return "column_posts"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (cp *ColumnPost) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if cp.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		cp.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/inquiry.go
+++ b/server/models/inquiry.go
@@ -1,27 +1,85 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Inquiry 合作咨询
 type Inquiry struct {
-	ID            uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name          string `json:"name"`
-	Company       string `json:"company"`
-	ContactMethod string `json:"contactMethod"` // email, wechat, phone
-	ContactValue  string `json:"contactValue"`
-	Budget        string `json:"budget"`
-	Description   string `json:"description"`
-	Status        int    `json:"status"` // 0-Unread, 1-Read, 2-Contacted
-	CreatedAt     int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt     int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt     int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID            uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name          string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Company       string `json:"company" gorm:"column:company"`
+	ContactMethod string `json:"contactMethod" gorm:"column:contact_method"` // email, wechat, phone
+	ContactValue  string `json:"contactValue" gorm:"column:contact_value"`
+	Budget        string `json:"budget" gorm:"column:budget"`
+	Description   string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	Status        int    `json:"status" gorm:"column:status;default:0"` // 0-Unread, 1-Read, 2-Contacted
+	CreatedAt     int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt     int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt     int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Inquiry) TableName() string {
+	return "inquiries"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (i *Inquiry) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if i.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		i.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if i.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		i.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if i.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		i.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (i *Inquiry) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	i.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // EmailSuffix 邮箱后缀配置
 type EmailSuffix struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	Suffix    string `json:"suffix"`
-	IsActive  bool   `json:"isActive"`
-	SortOrder int    `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Suffix    string `json:"suffix" gorm:"column:suffix;uniqueIndex"`
+	IsActive  bool   `json:"isActive" gorm:"column:is_active;default:1"`
+	SortOrder int    `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (EmailSuffix) TableName() string {
+	return "email_suffixes"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (es *EmailSuffix) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if es.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		es.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if es.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		es.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if es.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		es.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (es *EmailSuffix) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	es.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/operation_log.go
+++ b/server/models/operation_log.go
@@ -1,18 +1,40 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // OperationLog 操作日志模型
 type OperationLog struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	UserID    uint   `json:"userId"`
-	Username  string `json:"username"`
-	IP        string `json:"ip"`
-	Path      string `json:"path"`
-	Method    string `json:"method"`
-	Params    string `json:"params"`
-	Status    int    `json:"status"`
-	Duration  int    `json:"duration"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	UserID    uint   `json:"userId" gorm:"column:user_id;index"`
+	Username  string `json:"username" gorm:"column:username"`
+	IP        string `json:"ip" gorm:"column:ip"`
+	Path      string `json:"path" gorm:"column:path;index"`
+	Method    string `json:"method" gorm:"column:method"`
+	Params    string `json:"params" gorm:"column:params;type:text"`
+	Status    int    `json:"status" gorm:"column:status"`
+	Duration  int    `json:"duration" gorm:"column:duration"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (OperationLog) TableName() string {
+	return "operation_logs"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (o *OperationLog) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if o.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		o.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	if o.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		o.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // OperationLogResponse 操作日志响应模型
--- a/server/models/permission.go
+++ b/server/models/permission.go
@@ -1,14 +1,46 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Permission 权限模型
 type Permission struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name      string `json:"name"`
-	Resource  string `json:"resource"`
-	Action    string `json:"action"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name      string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Resource  string `json:"resource" gorm:"column:resource"`
+	Action    string `json:"action" gorm:"column:action"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Permission) TableName() string {
+	return "permissions"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (p *Permission) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if p.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		p.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		p.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		p.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (p *Permission) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	p.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // PermissionResponse 权限响应模型
--- a/server/models/post.go
+++ b/server/models/post.go
@@ -1,20 +1,52 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Post 博客文章模型
 type Post struct {
-	ID          uint      `json:"id"`
-	OriginalID  string    `json:"originalId,omitempty"` // For backward compatibility
-	Title       string    `json:"title"`
-	CategoryID  uint      `json:"categoryId"`
-	Category    *Category `json:"category,omitempty"` // For join query result
-	Excerpt     string    `json:"excerpt"`
-	Content     string    `json:"content"`
-	ReadCount   uint      `json:"readCount"`
-	IsPublished int       `json:"isPublished"` // 0: draft, 1: published
-	Tags        []Tag     `json:"tags"`
-	CreatedAt   int64     `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64     `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64     `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint      `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	OriginalID  string    `json:"originalId,omitempty" gorm:"-"` // For backward compatibility
+	Title       string    `json:"title" gorm:"column:title"`
+	CategoryID  uint      `json:"categoryId" gorm:"column:category_id"`
+	Category    *Category `json:"category,omitempty" gorm:"foreignKey:CategoryID"` // For join query result
+	Excerpt     string    `json:"excerpt" gorm:"column:excerpt"`
+	Content     string    `json:"content" gorm:"column:content;type:text"`
+	ReadCount   uint      `json:"readCount" gorm:"column:read_count;default:0"`
+	IsPublished int       `json:"isPublished" gorm:"column:is_published;default:0"` // 0: draft, 1: published
+	Tags        []Tag     `json:"tags" gorm:"many2many:post_tags;joinForeignKey:post_id;joinReferences:tag_id"`
+	CreatedAt   int64     `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64     `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64     `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Post) TableName() string {
+	return "posts"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (p *Post) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if p.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		p.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		p.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		p.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (p *Post) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	p.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // PostResponse 博客文章响应模型
@@ -32,17 +64,34 @@ type PostResponse struct {

 // PostHistory 文章历史记录模型
 type PostHistory struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	PostID      uint   `json:"postId"`
-	Version     int    `json:"version"`
-	Title       string `json:"title"`
-	CategoryID  uint   `json:"categoryId"`
-	Excerpt     string `json:"excerpt"`
-	Content     string `json:"content"`
-	IsPublished int    `json:"isPublished"`
-	ModifiedBy  uint   `json:"modifiedBy"`
-	ModifiedAt  int64  `json:"modifiedAt"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	PostID      uint   `json:"postId" gorm:"column:post_id;index"`
+	Version     int    `json:"version" gorm:"column:version"`
+	Title       string `json:"title" gorm:"column:title"`
+	CategoryID  uint   `json:"categoryId" gorm:"column:category_id"`
+	Excerpt     string `json:"excerpt" gorm:"column:excerpt"`
+	Content     string `json:"content" gorm:"column:content;type:text"`
+	IsPublished int    `json:"isPublished" gorm:"column:is_published"`
+	ModifiedBy  uint   `json:"modifiedBy" gorm:"column:modified_by"`
+	ModifiedAt  int64  `json:"modifiedAt" gorm:"column:modified_at"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (PostHistory) TableName() string {
+	return "post_history"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (ph *PostHistory) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if ph.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		ph.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if ph.ModifiedAt == 0 {
+		ph.ModifiedAt = now
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // PostHistoryResponse 文章历史记录响应模型
--- a/server/models/role.go
+++ b/server/models/role.go
@@ -1,14 +1,46 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Role 角色模型
 type Role struct {
-	ID          uint         `json:"id"`
-	Name        string       `json:"name"`
-	Description string       `json:"description"`
-	Permissions []Permission `json:"permissions,omitempty"`
-	CreatedAt   int64        `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64        `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64        `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint         `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name        string       `json:"name" gorm:"column:name;uniqueIndex"`
+	Description string       `json:"description" gorm:"column:description"`
+	Permissions []Permission `json:"permissions,omitempty" gorm:"many2many:role_permissions;joinForeignKey:role_id;joinReferences:permission_id"`
+	CreatedAt   int64        `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64        `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64        `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Role) TableName() string {
+	return "roles"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (r *Role) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if r.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		r.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if r.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		r.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if r.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		r.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (r *Role) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	r.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // RoleResponse 角色响应模型
--- a/server/models/services.go
+++ b/server/models/services.go
@@ -1,28 +1,86 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Testimonial 客户评价模型
 type Testimonial struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name      string `json:"name"`
-	Role      string `json:"role"`
-	Content   string `json:"content"`
-	Avatar    string `json:"avatar"`
-	Rating    uint8  `json:"rating"`
-	SortOrder uint   `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name      string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Role      string `json:"role" gorm:"column:role"`
+	Content   string `json:"content" gorm:"column:content;type:text"`
+	Avatar    string `json:"avatar" gorm:"column:avatar"`
+	Rating    uint8  `json:"rating" gorm:"column:rating;default:5"`
+	SortOrder uint   `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Testimonial) TableName() string {
+	return "testimonials"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (t *Testimonial) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if t.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		t.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if t.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		t.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if t.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		t.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (t *Testimonial) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	t.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // Partner 合作伙伴模型
 type Partner struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Logo        string `json:"logo"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	URL         string `json:"url"`
-	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name        string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Logo        string `json:"logo" gorm:"column:logo"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	URL         string `json:"url" gorm:"column:url"`
+	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Partner) TableName() string {
+	return "partners"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (p *Partner) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if p.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		p.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		p.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if p.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		p.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (p *Partner) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	p.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/setting.go
+++ b/server/models/setting.go
@@ -1,14 +1,46 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Setting 系统配置模型
 type Setting struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	KeyName     string `json:"keyName"`
-	Value       string `json:"value"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	KeyName     string `json:"keyName" gorm:"column:key_name;uniqueIndex"`
+	Value       string `json:"value" gorm:"column:value;type:text"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Setting) TableName() string {
+	return "settings"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (s *Setting) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if s.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		s.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if s.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		s.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if s.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		s.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (s *Setting) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	s.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // SettingResponse 系统配置响应模型
--- a/server/models/snippet.go
+++ b/server/models/snippet.go
@@ -1,16 +1,48 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Snippet 代码片段模型
 type Snippet struct {
-	ID          string `json:"id"`
-	Title       string `json:"title"`
-	Code        string `json:"code"`
-	Type        string `json:"type"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	ViewCount   uint   `json:"viewCount"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          string `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Title       string `json:"title" gorm:"column:title"`
+	Code        string `json:"code" gorm:"column:code;type:text"`
+	Type        string `json:"type" gorm:"column:type"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	ViewCount   uint   `json:"viewCount" gorm:"column:view_count;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Snippet) TableName() string {
+	return "snippets"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (s *Snippet) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if s.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		s.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if s.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		s.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if s.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		s.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (s *Snippet) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	s.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // SnippetResponse 代码片段响应模型
--- a/server/models/tag.go
+++ b/server/models/tag.go
@@ -1,18 +1,63 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Tag 标签模型
 type Tag struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	Name      string `json:"name"`
-	Slug      string `json:"slug"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Name      string `json:"name" gorm:"column:name"`
+	Slug      string `json:"slug" gorm:"column:slug;uniqueIndex"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Tag) TableName() string {
+	return "tags"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (t *Tag) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if t.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		t.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if t.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		t.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if t.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		t.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (t *Tag) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	t.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // PostTag 文章标签关联模型
 type PostTag struct {
-	PostID    string `json:"postId"`
-	TagID     uint   `json:"tagId"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
+	PostID    uint  `json:"postId" gorm:"primaryKey;column:post_id"`
+	TagID     uint  `json:"tagId" gorm:"primaryKey;column:tag_id"`
+	CreatedAt int64 `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (PostTag) TableName() string {
+	return "post_tags"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (pt *PostTag) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if pt.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		pt.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/user.go
+++ b/server/models/user.go
@@ -1,18 +1,50 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // User 用户模型
 type User struct {
-	ID           uint   `json:"id"`
-	Username     string `json:"username"`
-	Email        string `json:"email"`
+	ID           uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Username     string `json:"username" gorm:"column:username;uniqueIndex;not null"`
+	Email        string `json:"email" gorm:"column:email"`
 	Password     string `json:"password,omitempty" gorm:"-"` // Virtual field for input
-	PasswordHash string `json:"-"`
-	RoleID       uint   `json:"roleId"`
-	Role         string `json:"role"` // 保持兼容，或者作为Role Name
-	IsActive     int    `json:"isActive"`
-	CreatedAt    int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt    int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	PasswordHash string `json:"-" gorm:"column:password_hash"`
+	RoleID       uint   `json:"roleId" gorm:"column:role_id"`
+	Role         string `json:"role" gorm:"column:role"` // 保持兼容，或者作为Role Name
+	IsActive     int    `json:"isActive" gorm:"column:is_active;default:1"`
+	CreatedAt    int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt    int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (User) TableName() string {
+	return "users"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (u *User) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if u.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		u.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if u.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		u.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if u.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		u.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (u *User) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	u.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // UserResponse 用户响应模型
--- a/server/models/user_access_log.go
+++ b/server/models/user_access_log.go
@@ -1,12 +1,34 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // UserAccessLog 用户访问日志模型
 type UserAccessLog struct {
-	ID           uint   `json:"id"`
-	UserID       uint   `json:"user_id"`       // 用户ID（未登录用户为0）
-	UserIP       string `json:"user_ip"`       // 用户IP地址
-	UserLocation string `json:"user_location"` // 用户归属地
-	ArticleID    uint   `json:"article_id"`    // 访问的文章ID
-	AccessTime   int64  `json:"access_time"`   // 访问时间
-	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deleted_at"`
+	ID           uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	UserID       uint   `json:"user_id" gorm:"column:user_id;index"`       // 用户ID（未登录用户为0）
+	UserIP       string `json:"user_ip" gorm:"column:user_ip;index"`       // 用户IP地址
+	UserLocation string `json:"user_location" gorm:"column:user_location"` // 用户归属地
+	ArticleID    uint   `json:"article_id" gorm:"column:article_id;index"` // 访问的文章ID
+	AccessTime   int64  `json:"access_time" gorm:"column:access_time"`     // 访问时间
+	DeletedAt    int64  `json:"deleted_at" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (UserAccessLog) TableName() string {
+	return "user_access_logs"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (u *UserAccessLog) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if u.AccessTime == 0 {
+		u.AccessTime = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	if u.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		u.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
 }
--- a/server/models/work.go
+++ b/server/models/work.go
@@ -1,38 +1,102 @@
 package models

+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
 // Work 作品模型
 type Work struct {
-	ID          string `json:"id"`
-	Title       string `json:"title"`
-	Category    string `json:"category"`
-	Year        string `json:"year"`
-	HeroImg     string `json:"heroImg"`
-	Description string `json:"desc"`
-	IsFeatured  int    `json:"isFeatured"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          string `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	Title       string `json:"title" gorm:"column:title"`
+	Category    string `json:"category" gorm:"column:category"`
+	Year        string `json:"year" gorm:"column:year"`
+	HeroImg     string `json:"heroImg" gorm:"column:hero_img"`
+	Description string `json:"desc" gorm:"column:description;type:text"`
+	IsFeatured  int    `json:"isFeatured" gorm:"column:is_featured;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   int64  `json:"updatedAt" gorm:"column:updated_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (Work) TableName() string {
+	return "works"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (w *Work) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if w.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		w.CreatedAt = now
+	}
+	if w.UpdatedAt == 0 {
+		w.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
+	if w.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		w.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BeforeUpdate 更新前钩子
+func (w *Work) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	w.UpdatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return nil
 }

 // WorkTechStack 作品技术栈模型
 type WorkTechStack struct {
-	ID        uint   `json:"id"`
-	WorkID    string `json:"workId"`
-	Category  string `json:"category"`
-	Item      string `json:"item"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	WorkID    string `json:"workId" gorm:"column:work_id;index"`
+	Category  string `json:"category" gorm:"column:category"`
+	Item      string `json:"item" gorm:"column:item"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	DeletedAt int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (WorkTechStack) TableName() string {
+	return "work_tech_stack"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (wts *WorkTechStack) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if wts.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		wts.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	if wts.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		wts.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // WorkGallery 作品图库模型
 type WorkGallery struct {
-	ID          uint   `json:"id"`
-	WorkID      string `json:"workId"`
-	ImageURL    string `json:"imageUrl"`
-	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt"`
-	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt"`
+	ID          uint   `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;column:id"`
+	WorkID      string `json:"workId" gorm:"column:work_id;index"`
+	ImageURL    string `json:"imageUrl" gorm:"column:image_url"`
+	SortOrder   uint   `json:"sortOrder" gorm:"column:sort_order;default:0"`
+	Description string `json:"description" gorm:"column:description"`
+	CreatedAt   int64  `json:"createdAt" gorm:"column:created_at"`
+	DeletedAt   int64  `json:"deletedAt" gorm:"column:deleted_at;default:0"`
+}
+
+// TableName 指定表名
+func (WorkGallery) TableName() string {
+	return "work_gallery"
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate 创建前钩子
+func (wg *WorkGallery) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	if wg.CreatedAt == 0 {
+		wg.CreatedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	if wg.DeletedAt == 0 {
+		wg.DeletedAt = 0
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // WorkResponse 作品响应模型，包含关联数据
--- a/server/repositories/about_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/about_repository.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"log"
 	"strconv"
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // unescapeJSONString 解码转义的 JSON 字符串
@@ -60,35 +60,17 @@ func unescapeJSONString(s string) (string, error) {

 // GetPrimaryAboutProfile 获取主页个人资料
 func GetPrimaryAboutProfile() (*models.AboutProfile, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, name, avatar, location, bio, email, wechat, tech_stack, experiences, is_primary, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at 
-		FROM about_profiles 
-		WHERE is_primary = TRUE AND deleted_at = 0
-		LIMIT 1
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query)
-
 	var profile models.AboutProfile
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&profile.ID,
-		&profile.Name,
-		&profile.Avatar,
-		&profile.Location,
-		&profile.Bio,
-		&profile.Email,
-		&profile.Wechat,
-		&profile.TechStack,
-		&profile.ExperiencesStr,
-		&profile.IsPrimary,
-		&profile.CreatedAt,
-		&profile.UpdatedAt,
-		&profile.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("is_primary = ? AND deleted_at = ?", true, 0).
+		First(&profile).Error
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			// If no primary profile, try to get the first one
 			return GetFirstAboutProfile()
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning primary about profile: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting primary about profile: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

@@ -115,35 +97,17 @@ func GetPrimaryAboutProfile() (*models.AboutProfile, error) {

 // GetFirstAboutProfile 获取第一个个人资料（备用）
 func GetFirstAboutProfile() (*models.AboutProfile, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, name, avatar, location, bio, email, wechat, tech_stack, experiences, is_primary, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at 
-		FROM about_profiles 
-		WHERE deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY id ASC 
-		LIMIT 1
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query)
-
 	var profile models.AboutProfile
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&profile.ID,
-		&profile.Name,
-		&profile.Avatar,
-		&profile.Location,
-		&profile.Bio,
-		&profile.Email,
-		&profile.Wechat,
-		&profile.TechStack,
-		&profile.ExperiencesStr,
-		&profile.IsPrimary,
-		&profile.CreatedAt,
-		&profile.UpdatedAt,
-		&profile.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("id ASC").
+		First(&profile).Error
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning first about profile: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting first about profile: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

@@ -182,34 +146,16 @@ func GetFirstAboutProfile() (*models.AboutProfile, error) {

 // GetAboutProfileByID 根据 ID 获取个人资料
 func GetAboutProfileByID(id uint) (*models.AboutProfile, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, name, avatar, location, bio, email, wechat, tech_stack, experiences, is_primary, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at 
-		FROM about_profiles 
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-		LIMIT 1
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var profile models.AboutProfile
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&profile.ID,
-		&profile.Name,
-		&profile.Avatar,
-		&profile.Location,
-		&profile.Bio,
-		&profile.Email,
-		&profile.Wechat,
-		&profile.TechStack,
-		&profile.ExperiencesStr,
-		&profile.IsPrimary,
-		&profile.CreatedAt,
-		&profile.UpdatedAt,
-		&profile.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&profile).Error
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning about profile by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting about profile by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

@@ -248,34 +194,17 @@ func GetAboutProfileByID(id uint) (*models.AboutProfile, error) {

 // GetAllAboutProfiles 获取所有个人资料（管理用）
 func GetAllAboutProfiles() ([]models.AboutProfile, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, avatar, location, bio, email, wechat, tech_stack, experiences, is_primary, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM about_profiles WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var profiles []models.AboutProfile
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Find(&profiles).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying about profiles: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var profiles []models.AboutProfile
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var p models.AboutProfile
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&p.ID,
-			&p.Name,
-			&p.Avatar,
-			&p.Location,
-			&p.Bio,
-			&p.Email,
-			&p.Wechat,
-			&p.TechStack,
-			&p.ExperiencesStr,
-			&p.IsPrimary,
-			&p.CreatedAt,
-			&p.UpdatedAt,
-			&p.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
+	for i := range profiles {
+		var p = &profiles[i]
 		// Unmarshal JSON - 确保 TechList 和 ExperienceList 始终是数组而不是 nil
 		p.TechList = []string{}
 		p.ExperienceList = []models.Experience{}
@@ -305,7 +234,6 @@ func GetAllAboutProfiles() ([]models.AboutProfile, error) {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		profiles = append(profiles, p)
 	}
 	return profiles, nil
 }
@@ -327,41 +255,12 @@ func CreateAboutProfile(profile *models.AboutProfile) error {
 	expBytes, _ := json.Marshal(profile.ExperienceList)
 	profile.ExperiencesStr = string(expBytes)

-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO about_profiles (name, avatar, location, bio, email, wechat, tech_stack, experiences, is_primary, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		profile.Name,
-		profile.Avatar,
-		profile.Location,
-		profile.Bio,
-		profile.Email,
-		profile.Wechat,
-		profile.TechStack,
-		profile.ExperiencesStr,
-		profile.IsPrimary,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(profile).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating about profile: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	profile.ID = uint(id)
-	profile.CreatedAt = now
-	profile.UpdatedAt = now
-
-	// 确保返回的数据包含 TechList 和 ExperienceList（已从 JSON 解析）
-	// 这些字段已经在上面被 Marshal 了，现在需要确保它们被正确设置
-	// 由于我们已经 Marshal 了，TechList 和 ExperienceList 应该保持原样
 	return nil
 }

@@ -382,26 +281,20 @@ func UpdateAboutProfile(profile *models.AboutProfile) error {
 	expBytes, _ := json.Marshal(profile.ExperienceList)
 	profile.ExperiencesStr = string(expBytes)

-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE about_profiles 
-		SET name = ?, avatar = ?, location = ?, bio = ?, email = ?, wechat = ?, tech_stack = ?, experiences = ?, is_primary = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		profile.Name,
-		profile.Avatar,
-		profile.Location,
-		profile.Bio,
-		profile.Email,
-		profile.Wechat,
-		profile.TechStack,
-		profile.ExperiencesStr,
-		profile.IsPrimary,
-		now,
-		profile.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", profile.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":        profile.Name,
+			"avatar":      profile.Avatar,
+			"location":    profile.Location,
+			"bio":         profile.Bio,
+			"email":       profile.Email,
+			"wechat":      profile.Wechat,
+			"tech_stack":  profile.TechStack,
+			"experiences": profile.ExperiencesStr,
+			"is_primary":  profile.IsPrimary,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating about profile: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -411,9 +304,9 @@ func UpdateAboutProfile(profile *models.AboutProfile) error {

 // DeleteAboutProfile 删除个人资料 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteAboutProfile(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE about_profiles SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.AboutProfile{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting about profile: %v", err)
 		return err
--- a/server/repositories/category_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/category_repository.go
@@ -1,141 +1,77 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetCategories 获取所有分类
 func GetCategories() ([]models.Category, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, slug, description, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM categories WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at DESC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var categories []models.Category
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Category{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC, created_at DESC").
+		Find(&categories).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying categories: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var categories []models.Category
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var category models.Category
-		var description sql.NullString // Use NullString for nullable column
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&category.ID,
-			&category.Name,
-			&category.Slug,
-			&description, // Scan into NullString
-			&category.SortOrder,
-			&category.CreatedAt,
-			&category.UpdatedAt,
-			&category.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning category: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if description.Valid {
-			category.Description = description.String
-		}
-		categories = append(categories, category)
-	}
-
 	return categories, nil
 }

 // GetCategoryByID 根据ID获取分类
 func GetCategoryByID(id uint) (*models.Category, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, slug, description, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM categories WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var category models.Category
-	var description sql.NullString // Use NullString for nullable column
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&category.ID,
-		&category.Name,
-		&category.Slug,
-		&description, // Scan into NullString
-		&category.SortOrder,
-		&category.CreatedAt,
-		&category.UpdatedAt,
-		&category.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Category{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&category).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning category by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting category by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if description.Valid {
-		category.Description = description.String
-	}
-
 	return &category, nil
 }

 // CreateCategory 创建分类
 func CreateCategory(category *models.Category) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO categories (name, slug, description, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		category.Name,
-		category.Slug,
-		category.Description,
-		category.SortOrder,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(category).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating category: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	category.ID = uint(id)
-	category.CreatedAt = now
-	category.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateCategory 更新分类
 func UpdateCategory(category *models.Category) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE categories SET name = ?, slug = ?, description = ?, sort_order = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		category.Name,
-		category.Slug,
-		category.Description,
-		category.SortOrder,
-		now,
-		category.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Category{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", category.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":        category.Name,
+			"slug":        category.Slug,
+			"description": category.Description,
+			"sort_order":  category.SortOrder,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating category: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteCategory 删除分类
 func DeleteCategory(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE categories SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Category{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting category: %v", err)
 		return err
--- a/server/repositories/column_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/column_repository.go
@@ -1,153 +1,78 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetColumns 获取所有专栏
 func GetColumns() ([]models.Column, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, description, cover, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM columns WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at DESC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var columns []models.Column
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Column{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC, created_at DESC").
+		Find(&columns).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying columns: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var columns []models.Column
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var col models.Column
-		var description sql.NullString // Use NullString
-		var cover sql.NullString       // Use NullString
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&col.ID,
-			&col.Name,
-			&description,
-			&cover,
-			&col.IsActive,
-			&col.SortOrder,
-			&col.CreatedAt,
-			&col.UpdatedAt,
-			&col.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning column: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if description.Valid {
-			col.Description = description.String
-		}
-		if cover.Valid {
-			col.Cover = cover.String
-		}
-		columns = append(columns, col)
-	}
-
 	return columns, nil
 }

 // GetColumnByID 根据ID获取专栏
 func GetColumnByID(id uint) (*models.Column, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, description, cover, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM columns WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var col models.Column
-	var description sql.NullString // Use NullString
-	var cover sql.NullString       // Use NullString
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&col.ID,
-		&col.Name,
-		&description,
-		&cover,
-		&col.IsActive,
-		&col.SortOrder,
-		&col.CreatedAt,
-		&col.UpdatedAt,
-		&col.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Column{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&col).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning column by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting column by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if description.Valid {
-		col.Description = description.String
-	}
-	if cover.Valid {
-		col.Cover = cover.String
-	}
-
 	return &col, nil
 }

 // CreateColumn 创建专栏
 func CreateColumn(col *models.Column) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO columns (name, description, cover, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		col.Name,
-		col.Description,
-		col.Cover,
-		col.IsActive,
-		col.SortOrder,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(col).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating column: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	col.ID = uint(id)
-	col.CreatedAt = now
-	col.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateColumn 更新专栏
 func UpdateColumn(col *models.Column) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE columns SET name = ?, description = ?, cover = ?, is_active = ?, sort_order = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		col.Name,
-		col.Description,
-		col.Cover,
-		col.IsActive,
-		col.SortOrder,
-		now,
-		col.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Column{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", col.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":        col.Name,
+			"description": col.Description,
+			"cover":       col.Cover,
+			"is_active":   col.IsActive,
+			"sort_order":  col.SortOrder,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating column: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteColumn 删除专栏
 func DeleteColumn(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE columns SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Column{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting column: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -157,66 +82,39 @@ func DeleteColumn(id uint) error {

 // GetPostsByColumnID 获取专栏下的文章
 func GetPostsByColumnID(columnID uint) ([]models.Post, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.title, p.category_id, c.name as category_name, p.excerpt, p.content, p.read_count, p.is_published, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM posts p
-		JOIN column_posts cp ON p.id = cp.post_id
-		LEFT JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.id
-		WHERE cp.column_id = ? AND p.deleted_at = 0 AND p.is_published = 1
-		ORDER BY cp.sort_order ASC, p.created_at DESC
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, columnID)
+	var posts []models.Post
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Select("posts.*, categories.name as category_name").
+		Joins("JOIN column_posts cp ON posts.id = cp.post_id").
+		Joins("LEFT JOIN categories ON posts.category_id = categories.id").
+		Where("cp.column_id = ? AND posts.deleted_at = ? AND posts.is_published = ?", columnID, 0, 1).
+		Order("cp.sort_order ASC, posts.created_at DESC").
+		Find(&posts).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying posts by column ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var posts []models.Post
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var post models.Post
-		var categoryName sql.NullString
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&post.ID,
-			&post.Title,
-			&post.CategoryID,
-			&categoryName,
-			&post.Excerpt,
-			&post.Content,
-			&post.ReadCount,
-			&post.IsPublished,
-			&post.CreatedAt,
-			&post.UpdatedAt,
-			&post.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning post: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if categoryName.Valid {
-			post.Category = &models.Category{ID: post.CategoryID, Name: categoryName.String}
-		}
-		posts = append(posts, post)
-	}
 	return posts, nil
 }

 // AddPostToColumn 添加文章到专栏
 func AddPostToColumn(columnID, postID, sortOrder uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	// Check if exists first to avoid duplicates or use INSERT IGNORE/REPLACE if simple
-	// Assuming unique key on (column_id, post_id)
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO column_posts (column_id, post_id, sort_order, created_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-		ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE sort_order = VALUES(sort_order)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, columnID, postID, sortOrder, now)
+	columnPost := &models.ColumnPost{
+		ColumnID:  columnID,
+		PostID:    postID,
+		SortOrder: sortOrder,
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().Unix(),
+	}
+	// 使用 Clauses 处理 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
+	err := config.DB.Where("column_id = ? AND post_id = ?", columnID, postID).
+		Assign(models.ColumnPost{SortOrder: sortOrder}).
+		FirstOrCreate(columnPost).Error
 	return err
 }

 // RemovePostFromColumn 从专栏移除文章
 func RemovePostFromColumn(columnID, postID uint) error {
-	query := "DELETE FROM column_posts WHERE column_id = ? AND post_id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, columnID, postID)
+	err := config.DB.Where("column_id = ? AND post_id = ?", columnID, postID).
+		Delete(&models.ColumnPost{}).Error
 	return err
 }
--- a/server/repositories/inquiry_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/inquiry_repository.go
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ import (

 // CreateInquiry 创建咨询
 func CreateInquiry(inquiry *models.Inquiry) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `INSERT INTO inquiries (name, company, contact_method, contact_value, budget, description, status, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0, ?, ?, 0)`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, inquiry.Name, inquiry.Company, inquiry.ContactMethod, inquiry.ContactValue, inquiry.Budget, inquiry.Description, now, now)
+	err := config.DB.Create(inquiry).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating inquiry: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -22,130 +20,76 @@ func CreateInquiry(inquiry *models.Inquiry) error {

 // GetInquiries 获取咨询列表 (Admin)
 func GetInquiries() ([]models.Inquiry, error) {
-	// Added deleted_at check
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query("SELECT id, name, company, contact_method, contact_value, budget, description, status, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM inquiries WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY created_at DESC")
+	var inquiries []models.Inquiry
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Inquiry{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Find(&inquiries).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var inquiries []models.Inquiry
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var i models.Inquiry
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&i.ID,
-			&i.Name,
-			&i.Company,
-			&i.ContactMethod,
-			&i.ContactValue,
-			&i.Budget,
-			&i.Description,
-			&i.Status,
-			&i.CreatedAt,
-			&i.UpdatedAt,
-			&i.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		inquiries = append(inquiries, i)
-	}
 	return inquiries, nil
 }

+// GetInquiryCount 获取咨询总数
+func GetInquiryCount() (int64, error) {
+	var count int64
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Inquiry{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&count).Error
+	return count, err
+}
+
 // GetEmailSuffixes 获取活跃的邮箱后缀
 func GetEmailSuffixes() ([]models.EmailSuffix, error) {
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query("SELECT id, suffix, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM email_suffixes WHERE is_active = 1 AND deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY sort_order ASC")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
 	var suffixes []models.EmailSuffix
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var s models.EmailSuffix
-		var isActive int
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&s.ID,
-			&s.Suffix,
-			&isActive,
-			&s.SortOrder,
-			&s.CreatedAt,
-			&s.UpdatedAt,
-			&s.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		s.IsActive = isActive == 1
-		suffixes = append(suffixes, s)
-	}
-	return suffixes, nil
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.EmailSuffix{}).
+		Where("is_active = ? AND deleted_at = ?", true, 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC").
+		Find(&suffixes).Error
+	return suffixes, err
 }

 // AdminGetEmailSuffixes 获取所有邮箱后缀 (Admin)
 func AdminGetEmailSuffixes() ([]models.EmailSuffix, error) {
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query("SELECT id, suffix, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM email_suffixes WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY sort_order ASC")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
 	var suffixes []models.EmailSuffix
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var s models.EmailSuffix
-		var isActive int
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&s.ID,
-			&s.Suffix,
-			&isActive,
-			&s.SortOrder,
-			&s.CreatedAt,
-			&s.UpdatedAt,
-			&s.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		s.IsActive = isActive == 1
-		suffixes = append(suffixes, s)
-	}
-	return suffixes, nil
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.EmailSuffix{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC").
+		Find(&suffixes).Error
+	return suffixes, err
 }

 // CreateEmailSuffix 创建邮箱后缀
 func CreateEmailSuffix(suffix *models.EmailSuffix) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `INSERT INTO email_suffixes (suffix, is_active, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)`
-	isActive := 0
-	if suffix.IsActive {
-		isActive = 1
-	}
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, suffix.Suffix, isActive, suffix.SortOrder, now, now)
-	return err
+	return config.DB.Create(suffix).Error
 }

 // UpdateEmailSuffix 更新邮箱后缀
 func UpdateEmailSuffix(suffix *models.EmailSuffix) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `UPDATE email_suffixes SET suffix = ?, is_active = ?, sort_order = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0`
-	isActive := 0
-	if suffix.IsActive {
-		isActive = 1
-	}
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, suffix.Suffix, isActive, suffix.SortOrder, now, suffix.ID)
-	return err
+	return config.DB.Model(&models.EmailSuffix{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", suffix.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"suffix":     suffix.Suffix,
+			"is_active":  suffix.IsActive,
+			"sort_order": suffix.SortOrder,
+			"updated_at": time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 }

 // DeleteEmailSuffix 删除邮箱后缀 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteEmailSuffix(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `UPDATE email_suffixes SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
-	return err
+	return config.DB.Model(&models.EmailSuffix{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 }

 // UpdateInquiryStatus 更新咨询状态
 func UpdateInquiryStatus(id uint, status int) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `UPDATE inquiries SET status = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, status, now, id)
-	return err
+	return config.DB.Model(&models.Inquiry{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"status":     status,
+			"updated_at": time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 }
--- a/server/repositories/log_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/log_repository.go
@@ -38,10 +38,7 @@ func parseDateToUnix(dateStr string, isEnd bool) int64 {

 // CreateAccessLog 创建访问日志
 func CreateAccessLog(log *models.AccessLog) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `INSERT INTO access_logs (ip, user_agent, path, method, status_code, response_time, region, created_at, deleted_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, log.IP, log.UserAgent, log.Path, log.Method, log.StatusCode, log.ResponseTime, log.Region, now)
-	return err
+	return config.DB.Create(log).Error
 }

 // UVTrendData UV趋势数据
@@ -54,52 +51,38 @@ type UVTrendData struct {

 // GetDailyUV 获取UV趋势
 func GetDailyUV(startDate, endDate string) ([]UVTrendData, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(access_time, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(DISTINCT user_ip) as count
-		FROM user_access_logs
-		WHERE 1=1
-	`
-	args := []interface{}{}
+	query := config.DB.Model(&models.UserAccessLog{}).
+		Select("FROM_UNIXTIME(access_time, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(DISTINCT user_ip) as count")

 	if startDate != "" {
 		startUnix := parseDateToUnix(startDate, false)
-		query += " AND access_time >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startUnix)
+		query = query.Where("access_time >= ?", startUnix)
 	} else {
 		// 默认最近7天
 		startUnix := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -6).Unix()
-		query += " AND access_time >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startUnix)
+		query = query.Where("access_time >= ?", startUnix)
 	}

 	if endDate != "" {
 		endUnix := parseDateToUnix(endDate, true)
-		query += " AND access_time <= ?"
-		args = append(args, endUnix)
+		query = query.Where("access_time <= ?", endUnix)
 	}

-	query += `
-		GROUP BY date
-		ORDER BY date ASC
-	`
+	var results []UVTrendData
+	err := query.Group("date").
+		Order("date ASC").
+		Scan(&results).Error

-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, args...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var results []UVTrendData
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var r UVTrendData
-		if err := rows.Scan(&r.Date, &r.Count); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
 	// 暂未实现真实的同比环比计算逻辑，设为0
-		r.YoY = 0
-		r.MoM = 0
-		results = append(results, r)
+	for i := range results {
+		results[i].YoY = 0
+		results[i].MoM = 0
 	}
+
 	return results, nil
 }

@@ -108,52 +91,27 @@ func GetUserRegions(startDate, endDate string) ([]struct {
 	Region string
 	Count  int
 }, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT 
-			COALESCE(NULLIF(user_location, ''), 'Unknown') as region,
-			COUNT(DISTINCT user_ip) as count
-		FROM user_access_logs
-		WHERE 1=1
-	`
-	args := []interface{}{}
+	query := config.DB.Model(&models.UserAccessLog{}).
+		Select("COALESCE(NULLIF(user_location, ''), 'Unknown') as region, COUNT(DISTINCT user_ip) as count")

 	if startDate != "" {
 		startUnix := parseDateToUnix(startDate, false)
-		query += " AND access_time >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startUnix)
+		query = query.Where("access_time >= ?", startUnix)
 	}

 	if endDate != "" {
 		endUnix := parseDateToUnix(endDate, true)
-		query += " AND access_time <= ?"
-		args = append(args, endUnix)
+		query = query.Where("access_time <= ?", endUnix)
 	}

-	query += `
-		GROUP BY region
-		ORDER BY count DESC
-		LIMIT 20
-	`
-
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, args...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
 	var results []struct {
 		Region string
 		Count  int
 	}
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var r struct {
-			Region string
-			Count  int
-		}
-		if err := rows.Scan(&r.Region, &r.Count); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		results = append(results, r)
-	}
-	return results, nil
+	err := query.Group("region").
+		Order("count DESC").
+		Limit(20).
+		Scan(&results).Error
+
+	return results, err
 }
--- a/server/repositories/migration.go
+++ b/server/repositories/migration.go
@@ -51,15 +51,14 @@ func MigrateToBigInt() {
 }

 func columnExists(tableName, colName string) bool {
-	query := `
+	var count int64
+	err := config.DB.Raw(`
 		SELECT COUNT(*) 
 		FROM information_schema.columns 
 		WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() 
 		AND table_name = ? 
 		AND column_name = ?
-	`
-	var count int
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(query, tableName, colName).Scan(&count)
+	`, tableName, colName).Scan(&count).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error checking column %s.%s: %v", tableName, colName, err)
 		return false
@@ -68,15 +67,14 @@ func columnExists(tableName, colName string) bool {
 }

 func isBigInt(tableName, colName string) bool {
-	query := `
+	var dataType string
+	err := config.DB.Raw(`
 		SELECT DATA_TYPE 
 		FROM information_schema.columns 
 		WHERE table_schema = DATABASE() 
 		AND table_name = ? 
 		AND column_name = ?
-	`
-	var dataType string
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(query, tableName, colName).Scan(&dataType)
+	`, tableName, colName).Scan(&dataType).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ func migrateColumn(table, col string) {
 }

 func execSQL(query string) {
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query)
+	err := config.DB.Exec(query).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		// Log but continue (might fail if column doesn't exist etc)
 		log.Printf("SQL Error: %v | Query: %s", err, query)
--- a/server/repositories/operation_log_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/operation_log_repository.go
@@ -10,80 +10,41 @@ import (

 // CreateOperationLog 创建操作日志
 func CreateOperationLog(operationLog *models.OperationLog) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO operation_logs (user_id, username, ip, path, method, params, status, duration, created_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		operationLog.UserID,
-		operationLog.Username,
-		operationLog.IP,
-		operationLog.Path,
-		operationLog.Method,
-		operationLog.Params,
-		operationLog.Status,
-		operationLog.Duration,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(operationLog).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating operation log: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // GetOperationLogs 获取操作日志列表
 func GetOperationLogs(page, pageSize int) ([]models.OperationLog, int64, error) {
-	// 计算偏移量
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize

-	// 获取总记录数
+	var logs []models.OperationLog
 	var total int64
-	countQuery := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM operation_logs WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	if err := config.DB.QueryRow(countQuery).Scan(&total); err != nil {
+
+	// 获取总记录数
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.OperationLog{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&total).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error counting operation logs: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}

 	// 获取分页数据
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, user_id, username, ip, path, method, params, status, duration, created_at, deleted_at
-		FROM operation_logs
-		WHERE deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY created_at DESC
-		LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, pageSize, offset)
+	err = config.DB.Model(&models.OperationLog{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Limit(pageSize).
+		Offset(offset).
+		Find(&logs).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying operation logs: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var logs []models.OperationLog
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var operationLog models.OperationLog
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&operationLog.ID,
-			&operationLog.UserID,
-			&operationLog.Username,
-			&operationLog.IP,
-			&operationLog.Path,
-			&operationLog.Method,
-			&operationLog.Params,
-			&operationLog.Status,
-			&operationLog.Duration,
-			&operationLog.CreatedAt,
-			&operationLog.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning operation log: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		logs = append(logs, operationLog)
-	}

 	return logs, total, nil
 }
--- a/server/repositories/permission_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/permission_repository.go
@@ -10,53 +10,28 @@ import (

 // GetPermissions 获取所有权限
 func GetPermissions() ([]models.Permission, error) {
-	// Filter deleted_at = 0
-	query := "SELECT id, name, resource, action, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM permissions WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var permissions []models.Permission
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Permission{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Find(&permissions).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting permissions: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var permissions []models.Permission
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var permission models.Permission
-		if err := rows.Scan(&permission.ID, &permission.Name, &permission.Resource, &permission.Action, &permission.CreatedAt, &permission.UpdatedAt, &permission.DeletedAt); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning permission: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		permissions = append(permissions, permission)
-	}
-
 	return permissions, nil
 }

 // GetPermissionsByRoleID 获取指定角色的权限
 func GetPermissionsByRoleID(roleID uint) ([]models.Permission, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.name, p.resource, p.action, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM permissions p
-		JOIN role_permissions rp ON p.id = rp.permission_id
-		WHERE rp.role_id = ? AND p.deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, roleID)
+	var permissions []models.Permission
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Permission{}).
+		Joins("JOIN role_permissions rp ON permissions.id = rp.permission_id").
+		Where("rp.role_id = ? AND permissions.deleted_at = ?", roleID, 0).
+		Find(&permissions).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting permissions by role id: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var permissions []models.Permission
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var permission models.Permission
-		if err := rows.Scan(&permission.ID, &permission.Name, &permission.Resource, &permission.Action, &permission.CreatedAt, &permission.UpdatedAt, &permission.DeletedAt); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning permission: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		permissions = append(permissions, permission)
-	}
-
 	return permissions, nil
 }

--- a/server/repositories/post_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/post_repository.go
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // TrendData 趋势数据
@@ -19,143 +19,57 @@ type TrendData struct {

 // GetPosts 获取所有博客文章（支持搜索、分类、标签筛选）
 func GetPosts(keyword string, categoryID uint, tagID uint) ([]models.Post, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.title, p.category_id, c.name, c.slug, p.excerpt, p.content, p.read_count, p.is_published, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM posts p
-		LEFT JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.id
-	`
-
-	whereClause := " WHERE p.is_published = 1 AND p.deleted_at = 0"
-	args := []interface{}{}
+	var posts []models.Post
+	query := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Preload("Category").
+		Preload("Tags").
+		Where("is_published = ? AND deleted_at = ?", 1, 0)

 	if tagID > 0 {
-		query += " JOIN post_tags pt ON p.id = pt.post_id"
-		whereClause += " AND pt.tag_id = ?"
-		args = append(args, tagID)
+		query = query.Joins("JOIN post_tags pt ON posts.id = pt.post_id").
+			Where("pt.tag_id = ?", tagID)
 	}

 	if categoryID > 0 {
-		whereClause += " AND p.category_id = ?"
-		args = append(args, categoryID)
+		query = query.Where("category_id = ?", categoryID)
 	}

 	if keyword != "" {
-		whereClause += ` AND (
-			MATCH(p.title, p.content) AGAINST(? IN BOOLEAN MODE) OR 
-			p.title LIKE ? OR 
-			p.content LIKE ?
-		)`
 		likeKeyword := "%" + keyword + "%"
-		args = append(args, keyword, likeKeyword, likeKeyword)
+		query = query.Where("(MATCH(title, content) AGAINST(? IN BOOLEAN MODE) OR title LIKE ? OR content LIKE ?)",
+			keyword, likeKeyword, likeKeyword)
 	}

-	query += whereClause + " ORDER BY p.created_at DESC"
-
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, args...)
+	err := query.Order("created_at DESC").Find(&posts).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying posts: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var posts []models.Post
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var post models.Post
-		var catID sql.NullInt64
-		var catName sql.NullString
-		var catSlug sql.NullString
-
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&post.ID,
-			&post.Title,
-			&catID,
-			&catName,
-			&catSlug,
-			&post.Excerpt,
-			&post.Content,
-			&post.ReadCount,
-			&post.IsPublished,
-			&post.CreatedAt,
-			&post.UpdatedAt,
-			&post.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning post: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if catID.Valid {
-			post.CategoryID = uint(catID.Int64)
-			post.Category = &models.Category{
-				ID:   uint(catID.Int64),
-				Name: catName.String,
-				Slug: catSlug.String,
-			}
-		}
-
-		// TODO: Fetch tags if needed, or lazy load
-
-		posts = append(posts, post)
-	}

 	return posts, nil
 }

 // GetPostByID 根据ID获取博客文章
 func GetPostByID(id uint) (*models.Post, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.title, p.category_id, c.name, c.slug, p.excerpt, p.content, p.read_count, p.is_published, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM posts p
-		LEFT JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.id
-		WHERE p.id = ? AND p.is_published = 1 AND p.deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var post models.Post
-	var catID sql.NullInt64
-	var catName sql.NullString
-	var catSlug sql.NullString
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Preload("Category").
+		Preload("Tags").
+		Where("id = ? AND is_published = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 1, 0).
+		First(&post).Error

-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&post.ID,
-		&post.Title,
-		&catID,
-		&catName,
-		&catSlug,
-		&post.Excerpt,
-		&post.Content,
-		&post.ReadCount,
-		&post.IsPublished,
-		&post.CreatedAt,
-		&post.UpdatedAt,
-		&post.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning post by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting post by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	if catID.Valid {
-		post.CategoryID = uint(catID.Int64)
-		post.Category = &models.Category{
-			ID:   uint(catID.Int64),
-			Name: catName.String,
-			Slug: catSlug.String,
-		}
-	}
-
-	// 获取标签
-	tags, err := GetTagsByPostID(post.ID)
-	if err == nil {
-		post.Tags = tags
-	}
-
 	// 更新阅读量
-	updateReadCountQuery := "UPDATE posts SET read_count = read_count + 1 WHERE id = ?"
-	if _, err := config.DB.Exec(updateReadCountQuery, id); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error updating post read count: %v", err)
-	}
+	config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		UpdateColumn("read_count", gorm.Expr("read_count + ?", 1))

 	return &post, nil
 }
@@ -164,100 +78,49 @@ func GetPostByID(id uint) (*models.Post, error) {
 func GetAllPosts(page, pageSize int) ([]models.Post, int64, error) {
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize

-	// Count total
+	var posts []models.Post
 	var total int64
-	config.DB.QueryRow("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts WHERE deleted_at = 0").Scan(&total)

-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.title, p.category_id, c.name, c.slug, p.excerpt, p.content, p.read_count, p.is_published, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM posts p
-		LEFT JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.id
-		WHERE p.deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY p.created_at DESC
-		LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, pageSize, offset)
+	// Count total
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&total).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error counting posts: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// Get posts
+	err = config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Preload("Category").
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Limit(pageSize).
+		Offset(offset).
+		Find(&posts).Error
+
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying all posts: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var posts []models.Post
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var post models.Post
-		var catID sql.NullInt64
-		var catName sql.NullString
-		var catSlug sql.NullString
-
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&post.ID,
-			&post.Title,
-			&catID,
-			&catName,
-			&catSlug,
-			&post.Excerpt,
-			&post.Content,
-			&post.ReadCount,
-			&post.IsPublished,
-			&post.CreatedAt,
-			&post.UpdatedAt,
-			&post.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning post: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if catID.Valid {
-			post.CategoryID = uint(catID.Int64)
-			post.Category = &models.Category{
-				ID:   uint(catID.Int64),
-				Name: catName.String,
-				Slug: catSlug.String,
-			}
-		}
-		posts = append(posts, post)
-	}

 	return posts, total, nil
 }

 // CreatePost 创建博客文章
 func CreatePost(post *models.Post) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-
-	// Insert Post
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO posts (title, category_id, excerpt, content, is_published, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		post.Title,
-		post.CategoryID,
-		post.Excerpt,
-		post.Content,
-		post.IsPublished,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(post).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating post: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	post.ID = uint(id)
-	post.CreatedAt = now
-	post.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	// Insert Tags
 	if len(post.Tags) > 0 {
-		for _, tag := range post.Tags {
-			AddTagToPost(post.ID, tag.ID)
+		err = config.DB.Model(post).Association("Tags").Replace(post.Tags)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error associating tags: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 	}

@@ -266,32 +129,35 @@ func CreatePost(post *models.Post) error {

 // UpdatePost 更新博客文章
 func UpdatePost(post *models.Post) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE posts SET title = ?, category_id = ?, excerpt = ?, content = ?, is_published = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		post.Title,
-		post.CategoryID,
-		post.Excerpt,
-		post.Content,
-		post.IsPublished,
-		now,
-		post.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", post.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"title":        post.Title,
+			"category_id":  post.CategoryID,
+			"excerpt":      post.Excerpt,
+			"content":      post.Content,
+			"is_published": post.IsPublished,
+			"updated_at":   time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
+
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating post: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	// Update Tags: Delete all and re-insert
-	// Note: This is a simple approach. Better approach is to diff.
-	config.DB.Exec("DELETE FROM post_tags WHERE post_id = ?", post.ID)
+	// Update Tags
 	if len(post.Tags) > 0 {
-		for _, tag := range post.Tags {
-			AddTagToPost(post.ID, tag.ID)
+		err = config.DB.Model(&models.Post{ID: post.ID}).Association("Tags").Replace(post.Tags)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error updating tags: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Clear all tags
+		err = config.DB.Model(&models.Post{ID: post.ID}).Association("Tags").Clear()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error clearing tags: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 	}

@@ -300,17 +166,20 @@ func UpdatePost(post *models.Post) error {

 // UpdatePostStatus 更新文章状态
 func UpdatePostStatus(id uint, status int) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE posts SET is_published = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, status, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"is_published": status,
+			"updated_at":   time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	return err
 }

 // DeletePost 删除博客文章 (Soft Delete)
 func DeletePost(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE posts SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting post: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -320,17 +189,15 @@ func DeletePost(id uint) error {

 // GetPostCount 获取文章总数
 func GetPostCount() (int, error) {
-	var count int
-	query := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query)
-
-	err := row.Scan(&count)
+	var count int64
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&count).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting post count: %v", err)
 		return 0, err
 	}
-
-	return count, nil
+	return int(count), nil
 }

 // BuildPostResponse 构建博客文章响应
@@ -375,33 +242,28 @@ func BuildPostsResponse(posts []models.Post) []models.PostResponse {
 // SavePostHistory 保存文章历史记录
 func SavePostHistory(post *models.Post, modifiedBy uint) error {
 	// 获取当前最大版本号
-	var maxVersion uint
-	query := "SELECT COALESCE(MAX(version), 0) FROM post_history WHERE post_id = ?"
-	if err := config.DB.QueryRow(query, post.ID).Scan(&maxVersion); err != nil {
+	var maxVersion int
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.PostHistory{}).
+		Where("post_id = ?", post.ID).
+		Select("COALESCE(MAX(version), 0)").
+		Scan(&maxVersion).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting max version: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	insertQuery := `
-		INSERT INTO post_history (
-			post_id, version, title, category_id, excerpt, content, 
-			is_published, modified_by, modified_at, created_at
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		insertQuery,
-		post.ID,
-		maxVersion+1,
-		post.Title,
-		post.CategoryID,
-		post.Excerpt,
-		post.Content,
-		post.IsPublished,
-		modifiedBy,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	history := &models.PostHistory{
+		PostID:      post.ID,
+		Version:     maxVersion + 1,
+		Title:       post.Title,
+		CategoryID:  post.CategoryID,
+		Excerpt:     post.Excerpt,
+		Content:     post.Content,
+		IsPublished: post.IsPublished,
+		ModifiedBy:  modifiedBy,
+	}
+
+	err = config.DB.Create(history).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error saving post history: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -412,119 +274,79 @@ func SavePostHistory(post *models.Post, modifiedBy uint) error {

 // GetTopPosts 获取热门文章 (按阅读量)
 func GetTopPosts(limit int) ([]models.Post, error) {
-	// Simple query without category join for dashboard to avoid complexity if not needed
-	// Or join if needed. Dashboard usually needs Title.
-	query := "SELECT id, title, read_count FROM posts WHERE is_published = 1 AND deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY read_count DESC LIMIT ?"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, limit)
+	var posts []models.Post
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Select("id, title, read_count").
+		Where("is_published = ? AND deleted_at = ?", 1, 0).
+		Order("read_count DESC").
+		Limit(limit).
+		Find(&posts).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var posts []models.Post
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var post models.Post
-		if err := rows.Scan(&post.ID, &post.Title, &post.ReadCount); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		posts = append(posts, post)
-	}
 	return posts, nil
 }

 // GetNewPostsTrend 获取新增文章趋势
 func GetNewPostsTrend(startDate, endDate string) ([]TrendData, error) {
-	// Same as before
-	query := `
-		SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(created_at, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(*) as count
-		FROM posts
-		WHERE deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	args := []interface{}{}
+	query := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Select("FROM_UNIXTIME(created_at, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(*) as count").
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0)

 	if startDate != "" {
 		startUnix := parseDateToUnix(startDate, false)
-		query += " AND created_at >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startUnix)
+		query = query.Where("created_at >= ?", startUnix)
 	} else {
 		startUnix := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -6).Unix()
-		query += " AND created_at >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startUnix)
+		query = query.Where("created_at >= ?", startUnix)
 	}

 	if endDate != "" {
 		endUnix := parseDateToUnix(endDate, true)
-		query += " AND created_at <= ?"
-		args = append(args, endUnix)
+		query = query.Where("created_at <= ?", endUnix)
 	}

-	query += `
-		GROUP BY date
-		ORDER BY date ASC
-	`
+	var results []TrendData
+	err := query.Group("date").
+		Order("date ASC").
+		Scan(&results).Error

-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, args...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var results []TrendData
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var r TrendData
-		if err := rows.Scan(&r.Date, &r.Count); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		r.YoY = 0
-		r.MoM = 0
-		results = append(results, r)
+	// Set YoY and MoM to 0
+	for i := range results {
+		results[i].YoY = 0
+		results[i].MoM = 0
 	}
+
 	return results, nil
 }

 // GetPostHistory 获取文章修改历史
 func GetPostHistory(postID uint) ([]models.PostHistory, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, post_id, version, title, category_id, excerpt, content, is_published, modified_by, modified_at, created_at
-		FROM post_history
-		WHERE post_id = ?
-		ORDER BY version DESC
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, postID)
+	var history []models.PostHistory
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.PostHistory{}).
+		Where("post_id = ?", postID).
+		Order("version DESC").
+		Find(&history).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var history []models.PostHistory
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var h models.PostHistory
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&h.ID, &h.PostID, &h.Version, &h.Title, &h.CategoryID,
-			&h.Excerpt, &h.Content, &h.IsPublished,
-			&h.ModifiedBy, &h.ModifiedAt, &h.CreatedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		history = append(history, h)
-	}
 	return history, nil
 }

 // GetPostHistoryByVersion 获取特定版本的历史记录
 func GetPostHistoryByVersion(postID uint, version uint) (*models.PostHistory, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, post_id, version, title, category_id, excerpt, content, is_published, modified_by, modified_at, created_at
-		FROM post_history
-		WHERE post_id = ? AND version = ?
-	`
 	var h models.PostHistory
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(query, postID, version).Scan(
-		&h.ID, &h.PostID, &h.Version, &h.Title, &h.CategoryID,
-		&h.Excerpt, &h.Content, &h.IsPublished,
-		&h.ModifiedBy, &h.ModifiedAt, &h.CreatedAt,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.PostHistory{}).
+		Where("post_id = ? AND version = ?", postID, version).
+		First(&h).Error
 	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &h, nil
--- a/server/repositories/role_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/role_repository.go
@@ -6,94 +6,75 @@ import (

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetRoles 获取所有角色
 func GetRoles() ([]models.Role, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM roles WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var roles []models.Role
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Role{}).
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Find(&roles).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting roles: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var roles []models.Role
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var role models.Role
-		if err := rows.Scan(&role.ID, &role.Name, &role.Description, &role.CreatedAt, &role.UpdatedAt, &role.DeletedAt); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning role: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// 获取权限
-		permissions, _ := GetPermissionsByRoleID(role.ID)
-		role.Permissions = permissions
-
-		roles = append(roles, role)
-	}
-
 	return roles, nil
 }

 // GetRoleByID 根据ID获取角色
 func GetRoleByID(id uint) (*models.Role, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM roles WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var role models.Role
-	if err := row.Scan(&role.ID, &role.Name, &role.Description, &role.CreatedAt, &role.UpdatedAt, &role.DeletedAt); err != nil {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Role{}).
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&role).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
 		log.Printf("Error getting role by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	// 获取权限
-	permissions, _ := GetPermissionsByRoleID(role.ID)
-	role.Permissions = permissions
-
 	return &role, nil
 }

 // GetRoleByName 根据名称获取角色
 func GetRoleByName(name string) (*models.Role, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM roles WHERE name = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, name)
-
 	var role models.Role
-	if err := row.Scan(&role.ID, &role.Name, &role.Description, &role.CreatedAt, &role.UpdatedAt, &role.DeletedAt); err != nil {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Role{}).
+		Where("name = ? AND deleted_at = ?", name, 0).
+		First(&role).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
 		log.Printf("Error getting role by name: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &role, nil
 }

 // CreateRole 创建角色
 func CreateRole(role *models.Role) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "INSERT INTO roles (name, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, 0)"
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(query, role.Name, role.Description, now, now)
+	err := config.DB.Create(role).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating role: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	role.ID = uint(id)
-	role.CreatedAt = now
-	role.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateRole 更新角色
 func UpdateRole(role *models.Role) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE roles SET name = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, role.Name, role.Description, now, role.ID)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Role{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", role.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":        role.Name,
+			"description": role.Description,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating role: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -103,9 +84,9 @@ func UpdateRole(role *models.Role) error {

 // DeleteRole 删除角色 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteRole(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE roles SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Role{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting role: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -115,36 +96,25 @@ func DeleteRole(id uint) error {

 // AssignPermissionsToRole 给角色分配权限
 func AssignPermissionsToRole(roleID uint, permissionIDs []uint) error {
-	// 开启事务
-	tx, err := config.DB.Begin()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+	return config.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		// 先删除旧权限
-	_, err = tx.Exec("DELETE FROM role_permissions WHERE role_id = ?", roleID)
+		err := tx.Exec("DELETE FROM role_permissions WHERE role_id = ?", roleID).Error
 		if err != nil {
-		tx.Rollback()
 			return err
 		}

 		// 插入新权限
-	stmt, err := tx.Prepare("INSERT INTO role_permissions (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (?, ?)")
-	if err != nil {
-		tx.Rollback()
-		return err
-	}
-	defer stmt.Close()
-
+		if len(permissionIDs) > 0 {
 			for _, permID := range permissionIDs {
-		_, err = stmt.Exec(roleID, permID)
+				err = tx.Exec("INSERT INTO role_permissions (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (?, ?)", roleID, permID).Error
 				if err != nil {
-			tx.Rollback()
 					return err
 				}
 			}
+		}

-	return tx.Commit()
+		return nil
+	})
 }

 // BuildRoleResponse 构建角色响应
--- a/server/repositories/services_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/services_repository.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package repositories

 import (
 	"log"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
@@ -9,52 +10,21 @@ import (

 // GetTestimonials 获取所有客户评价
 func GetTestimonials() ([]models.Testimonial, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, role, content, avatar, rating, sort_order, created_at, updated_at FROM testimonials ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at DESC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var testimonials []models.Testimonial
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Testimonial{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC, created_at DESC").
+		Find(&testimonials).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying testimonials: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var testimonials []models.Testimonial
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var t models.Testimonial
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&t.ID,
-			&t.Name,
-			&t.Role,
-			&t.Content,
-			&t.Avatar,
-			&t.Rating,
-			&t.SortOrder,
-			&t.CreatedAt,
-			&t.UpdatedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning testimonial: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		testimonials = append(testimonials, t)
-	}
-
 	return testimonials, nil
 }

 // CreateTestimonial 创建客户评价
 func CreateTestimonial(t *models.Testimonial) error {
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO testimonials (name, role, content, avatar, rating, sort_order, created_at, updated_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, NOW(), NOW())
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		t.Name,
-		t.Role,
-		t.Content,
-		t.Avatar,
-		t.Rating,
-		t.SortOrder,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(t).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating testimonial: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -64,20 +34,17 @@ func CreateTestimonial(t *models.Testimonial) error {

 // UpdateTestimonial 更新客户评价
 func UpdateTestimonial(t *models.Testimonial) error {
-	query := `
-		UPDATE testimonials SET name = ?, role = ?, content = ?, avatar = ?, rating = ?, sort_order = ?, updated_at = NOW()
-		WHERE id = ?
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		t.Name,
-		t.Role,
-		t.Content,
-		t.Avatar,
-		t.Rating,
-		t.SortOrder,
-		t.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Testimonial{}).
+		Where("id = ?", t.ID).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":       t.Name,
+			"role":       t.Role,
+			"content":    t.Content,
+			"avatar":     t.Avatar,
+			"rating":     t.Rating,
+			"sort_order": t.SortOrder,
+			"updated_at": time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating testimonial: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -87,8 +54,9 @@ func UpdateTestimonial(t *models.Testimonial) error {

 // DeleteTestimonial 删除客户评价
 func DeleteTestimonial(id uint) error {
-	query := "DELETE FROM testimonials WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Testimonial{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting testimonial: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -98,50 +66,21 @@ func DeleteTestimonial(id uint) error {

 // GetPartners 获取所有合作伙伴
 func GetPartners() ([]models.Partner, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, logo, description, url, sort_order, created_at, updated_at FROM partners ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at DESC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var partners []models.Partner
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Partner{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("sort_order ASC, created_at DESC").
+		Find(&partners).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying partners: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var partners []models.Partner
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var p models.Partner
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&p.ID,
-			&p.Name,
-			&p.Logo,
-			&p.Description,
-			&p.URL,
-			&p.SortOrder,
-			&p.CreatedAt,
-			&p.UpdatedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning partner: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		partners = append(partners, p)
-	}
-
 	return partners, nil
 }

 // CreatePartner 创建合作伙伴
 func CreatePartner(p *models.Partner) error {
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO partners (name, logo, description, url, sort_order, created_at, updated_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, NOW(), NOW())
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		p.Name,
-		p.Logo,
-		p.Description,
-		p.URL,
-		p.SortOrder,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(p).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating partner: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -151,19 +90,16 @@ func CreatePartner(p *models.Partner) error {

 // UpdatePartner 更新合作伙伴
 func UpdatePartner(p *models.Partner) error {
-	query := `
-		UPDATE partners SET name = ?, logo = ?, description = ?, url = ?, sort_order = ?, updated_at = NOW()
-		WHERE id = ?
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		p.Name,
-		p.Logo,
-		p.Description,
-		p.URL,
-		p.SortOrder,
-		p.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Partner{}).
+		Where("id = ?", p.ID).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":        p.Name,
+			"logo":        p.Logo,
+			"description": p.Description,
+			"url":         p.URL,
+			"sort_order":  p.SortOrder,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating partner: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -173,8 +109,9 @@ func UpdatePartner(p *models.Partner) error {

 // DeletePartner 删除合作伙伴
 func DeletePartner(id uint) error {
-	query := "DELETE FROM partners WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Partner{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting partner: %v", err)
 		return err
--- a/server/repositories/setting_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/setting_repository.go
@@ -1,135 +1,79 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetSettings 获取所有系统配置
 func GetSettings() ([]models.Setting, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, key_name, value, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM settings WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY key_name"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var settings []models.Setting
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Setting{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("key_name").
+		Find(&settings).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying settings: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var settings []models.Setting
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var setting models.Setting
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&setting.ID,
-			&setting.KeyName,
-			&setting.Value,
-			&setting.Description,
-			&setting.CreatedAt,
-			&setting.UpdatedAt,
-			&setting.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning setting: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		settings = append(settings, setting)
-	}
-
 	return settings, nil
 }

 // GetSettingByKey 根据键名获取系统配置
 func GetSettingByKey(keyName string) (*models.Setting, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, key_name, value, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM settings WHERE key_name = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, keyName)
-
 	var setting models.Setting
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&setting.ID,
-		&setting.KeyName,
-		&setting.Value,
-		&setting.Description,
-		&setting.CreatedAt,
-		&setting.UpdatedAt,
-		&setting.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Setting{}).
+		Where("key_name = ? AND deleted_at = ?", keyName, 0).
+		First(&setting).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning setting by key: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting setting by key: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &setting, nil
 }

 // UpdateSetting 更新系统配置
 func UpdateSetting(setting *models.Setting) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE settings SET value = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE key_name = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		setting.Value,
-		setting.Description,
-		now,
-		setting.KeyName,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Setting{}).
+		Where("key_name = ? AND deleted_at = ?", setting.KeyName, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"value":       setting.Value,
+			"description": setting.Description,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating setting: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // CreateSetting 创建系统配置
 func CreateSetting(setting *models.Setting) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO settings (key_name, value, description, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		setting.KeyName,
-		setting.Value,
-		setting.Description,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(setting).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating setting: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
-	// 获取自增ID
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error getting last insert ID: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	setting.ID = uint(id)
-	setting.CreatedAt = now
-	setting.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteSetting 删除系统配置 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteSetting(keyName string) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE settings SET deleted_at = ? WHERE key_name = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, keyName)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Setting{}).
+		Where("key_name = ?", keyName).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting setting: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -161,22 +105,20 @@ func GetAllSettings() (map[string]string, error) {

 // UpdateSettings 批量更新系统配置
 func UpdateSettings(settings map[string]string) error {
-	tx, err := config.DB.Begin()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+	return config.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE settings SET value = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE key_name = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-
 		for key, value := range settings {
-		_, err := tx.Exec(query, value, now, key)
+			err := tx.Model(&models.Setting{}).
+				Where("key_name = ? AND deleted_at = ?", key, 0).
+				Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+					"value":      value,
+					"updated_at": now,
+				}).Error
 			if err != nil {
-			tx.Rollback()
 				log.Printf("Error updating setting %s: %v", key, err)
 				return err
 			}
 		}
-
-	return tx.Commit()
+		return nil
+	})
 }
--- a/server/repositories/snippet_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/snippet_repository.go
@@ -1,76 +1,46 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetSnippets 获取所有代码片段
 func GetSnippets() ([]models.Snippet, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, title, code, type, description, view_count, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM snippets WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY created_at DESC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var snippets []models.Snippet
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Find(&snippets).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying snippets: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var snippets []models.Snippet
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var snippet models.Snippet
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&snippet.ID,
-			&snippet.Title,
-			&snippet.Code,
-			&snippet.Type,
-			&snippet.Description,
-			&snippet.ViewCount,
-			&snippet.CreatedAt,
-			&snippet.UpdatedAt,
-			&snippet.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning snippet: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		snippets = append(snippets, snippet)
-	}
-
 	return snippets, nil
 }

 // GetSnippetByID 根据ID获取代码片段
 func GetSnippetByID(id string) (*models.Snippet, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, title, code, type, description, view_count, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM snippets WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var snippet models.Snippet
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&snippet.ID,
-		&snippet.Title,
-		&snippet.Code,
-		&snippet.Type,
-		&snippet.Description,
-		&snippet.ViewCount,
-		&snippet.CreatedAt,
-		&snippet.UpdatedAt,
-		&snippet.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&snippet).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning snippet by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting snippet by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

 	// 更新查看次数
-	updateViewCountQuery := "UPDATE snippets SET view_count = view_count + 1 WHERE id = ?"
-	if _, err := config.DB.Exec(updateViewCountQuery, id); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error updating snippet view count: %v", err)
-	}
+	config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		UpdateColumn("view_count", gorm.Expr("view_count + ?", 1))

 	return &snippet, nil
 }
@@ -96,63 +66,41 @@ func BuildSnippetsResponse(snippets []models.Snippet) []models.SnippetResponse {

 // CreateSnippet 创建代码片段
 func CreateSnippet(snippet *models.Snippet) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO snippets (id, title, code, type, description, view_count, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		snippet.ID,
-		snippet.Title,
-		snippet.Code,
-		snippet.Type,
-		snippet.Description,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(snippet).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating snippet: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateSnippet 更新代码片段
 func UpdateSnippet(snippet *models.Snippet) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE snippets SET title = ?, code = ?, type = ?, description = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		snippet.Title,
-		snippet.Code,
-		snippet.Type,
-		snippet.Description,
-		now,
-		snippet.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", snippet.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"title":       snippet.Title,
+			"code":        snippet.Code,
+			"type":        snippet.Type,
+			"description": snippet.Description,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating snippet: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteSnippet 删除代码片段 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteSnippet(id string) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE snippets SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting snippet: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -160,49 +108,29 @@ func DeleteSnippet(id string) error {
 func GetAdminSnippets(page, pageSize int) ([]models.Snippet, int, error) {
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize

+	var snippets []models.Snippet
+	var total int64
+
 	// 获取总数
-	var total int
-	countQuery := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM snippets WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(countQuery).Scan(&total)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&total).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting snippet count: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}

 	// 获取列表
-	query := `
-		SELECT id, title, code, type, description, view_count, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at 
-		FROM snippets 
-		WHERE deleted_at = 0 
-		ORDER BY created_at DESC 
-		LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, pageSize, offset)
+	err = config.DB.Model(&models.Snippet{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Limit(pageSize).
+		Offset(offset).
+		Find(&snippets).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying admin snippets: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var snippets []models.Snippet
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var snippet models.Snippet
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&snippet.ID,
-			&snippet.Title,
-			&snippet.Code,
-			&snippet.Type,
-			&snippet.Description,
-			&snippet.ViewCount,
-			&snippet.CreatedAt,
-			&snippet.UpdatedAt,
-			&snippet.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning snippet: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		snippets = append(snippets, snippet)
-	}
-
-	return snippets, total, nil
+	return snippets, int(total), nil
 }
--- a/server/repositories/tag_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/tag_repository.go
@@ -1,172 +1,101 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetTags 获取所有标签
 func GetTags() ([]models.Tag, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, slug, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM tags WHERE deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY name ASC"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var tags []models.Tag
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("name ASC").
+		Find(&tags).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying tags: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var tags []models.Tag
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var tag models.Tag
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&tag.ID,
-			&tag.Name,
-			&tag.Slug,
-			&tag.CreatedAt,
-			&tag.UpdatedAt,
-			&tag.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning tag: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		tags = append(tags, tag)
-	}
-
 	return tags, nil
 }

 // GetTagByID 根据ID获取标签
 func GetTagByID(id uint) (*models.Tag, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, slug, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM tags WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var tag models.Tag
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&tag.ID,
-		&tag.Name,
-		&tag.Slug,
-		&tag.CreatedAt,
-		&tag.UpdatedAt,
-		&tag.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&tag).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning tag by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting tag by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &tag, nil
 }

 // GetTagBySlug 根据Slug获取标签
 func GetTagBySlug(slug string) (*models.Tag, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, name, slug, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM tags WHERE slug = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, slug)
-
 	var tag models.Tag
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&tag.ID,
-		&tag.Name,
-		&tag.Slug,
-		&tag.CreatedAt,
-		&tag.UpdatedAt,
-		&tag.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Where("slug = ? AND deleted_at = ?", slug, 0).
+		First(&tag).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning tag by slug: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting tag by slug: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &tag, nil
 }

 // CreateTag 创建标签
 func CreateTag(tag *models.Tag) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO tags (name, slug, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		tag.Name,
-		tag.Slug,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(tag).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating tag: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
-	// 获取自增ID
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error getting last insert ID: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	tag.ID = uint(id)
-	tag.CreatedAt = now
-	tag.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateTag 更新标签
 func UpdateTag(tag *models.Tag) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE tags SET name = ?, slug = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		tag.Name,
-		tag.Slug,
-		now,
-		tag.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", tag.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":       tag.Name,
+			"slug":       tag.Slug,
+			"updated_at": time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating tag: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteTag 删除标签 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteTag(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
 	// 软删除标签
-	query := "UPDATE tags SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting tag: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	// 注意：post_tags 关联表通常不做软删除，或者可以级联删除，或者在查询时过滤。
-	// 为了保持数据一致性，我们可以物理删除 post_tags 中的关联，或者也软删除（如果支持）。
-	// 这里选择物理删除关联，因为关联关系是“从属”的，标签没了，关系也没意义。
-	// 但如果是“软删除”，也许想保留恢复可能？
-	// 如果保留恢复可能，post_tags 也应该软删除。
-	// 但 post_tags 没有 deleted_at。
-	// 所以：物理删除关联，或者不处理关联（查询时 JOIN tags 会过滤掉）。
-	// 最好是物理删除关联，或者保留关联但因为 tag 被软删除而不可见。
-	// 这里保留原有逻辑：物理删除关联。
-
-	deleteRelQuery := "DELETE FROM post_tags WHERE tag_id = ?"
-	_, err = config.DB.Exec(deleteRelQuery, id)
+	// 物理删除关联关系
+	err = config.DB.Where("tag_id = ?", id).Delete(&models.PostTag{}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting post-tag relationships: %v", err)
-		// Continue even if relation delete fails? No, return error.
 		return err
 	}

@@ -175,105 +104,58 @@ func DeleteTag(id uint) error {

 // GetTagsByPostID 根据文章ID获取标签
 func GetTagsByPostID(postID uint) ([]models.Tag, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT t.id, t.name, t.slug, t.created_at, t.updated_at, t.deleted_at
-		FROM tags t
-		JOIN post_tags pt ON t.id = pt.tag_id
-		WHERE pt.post_id = ? AND t.deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY t.name ASC
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, postID)
+	var tags []models.Tag
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Tag{}).
+		Joins("JOIN post_tags pt ON tags.id = pt.tag_id").
+		Where("pt.post_id = ? AND tags.deleted_at = ?", postID, 0).
+		Order("tags.name ASC").
+		Find(&tags).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying tags by post ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var tags []models.Tag
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var tag models.Tag
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&tag.ID,
-			&tag.Name,
-			&tag.Slug,
-			&tag.CreatedAt,
-			&tag.UpdatedAt,
-			&tag.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning tag: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		tags = append(tags, tag)
-	}
-
 	return tags, nil
 }

 // AddTagToPost 为文章添加标签
 func AddTagToPost(postID uint, tagID uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT IGNORE INTO post_tags (post_id, tag_id, created_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, postID, tagID, now)
+	postTag := &models.PostTag{
+		PostID:    postID,
+		TagID:     tagID,
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().Unix(),
+	}
+	err := config.DB.Where("post_id = ? AND tag_id = ?", postID, tagID).
+		FirstOrCreate(postTag).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error adding tag to post: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // RemoveTagFromPost 从文章移除标签
 func RemoveTagFromPost(postID uint, tagID uint) error {
-	query := "DELETE FROM post_tags WHERE post_id = ? AND tag_id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, postID, tagID)
+	err := config.DB.Where("post_id = ? AND tag_id = ?", postID, tagID).
+		Delete(&models.PostTag{}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error removing tag from post: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // GetPostsByTagID 根据标签ID获取文章
 func GetPostsByTagID(tagID uint) ([]models.Post, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT p.id, p.title, p.category, p.excerpt, p.content, p.read_count, p.is_published, p.created_at, p.updated_at, p.deleted_at
-		FROM posts p
-		JOIN post_tags pt ON p.id = pt.post_id
-		WHERE pt.tag_id = ? AND p.is_published = 1 AND p.deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY p.created_at DESC
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, tagID)
+	var posts []models.Post
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Post{}).
+		Joins("JOIN post_tags pt ON posts.id = pt.post_id").
+		Where("pt.tag_id = ? AND posts.is_published = ? AND posts.deleted_at = ?", tagID, 1, 0).
+		Order("posts.created_at DESC").
+		Find(&posts).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying posts by tag ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var posts []models.Post
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var post models.Post
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&post.ID,
-			&post.Title,
-			&post.Category,
-			&post.Excerpt,
-			&post.Content,
-			&post.ReadCount,
-			&post.IsPublished,
-			&post.CreatedAt,
-			&post.UpdatedAt,
-			&post.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning post: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		posts = append(posts, post)
-	}
-
 	return posts, nil
 }

--- a/server/repositories/user_access_log_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/user_access_log_repository.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package repositories

 import (
 	"log"
-	// "time"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ import (

 // CreateUserAccessLog 创建用户访问日志
 func CreateUserAccessLog(logEntry *models.UserAccessLog) error {
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO user_access_logs (user_id, user_ip, user_location, article_id, access_time)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, NOW())
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, logEntry.UserID, logEntry.UserIP, logEntry.UserLocation, logEntry.ArticleID)
+	if logEntry.AccessTime == 0 {
+		logEntry.AccessTime = time.Now().Unix()
+	}
+	err := config.DB.Create(logEntry).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating user access log: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -30,42 +29,24 @@ type AccessStats struct {

 // GetArticleAccessTrend 获取文章访问趋势
 func GetArticleAccessTrend(startDate, endDate string) ([]AccessStats, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT DATE_FORMAT(access_time, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(*) as count
-		FROM user_access_logs
-		WHERE 1=1
-	`
-	args := []interface{}{}
+	query := config.DB.Model(&models.UserAccessLog{}).
+		Select("FROM_UNIXTIME(access_time, '%Y-%m-%d') as date, COUNT(*) as count")

 	if startDate != "" {
-		query += " AND access_time >= ?"
-		args = append(args, startDate)
+		startUnix := parseDateToUnix(startDate, false)
+		query = query.Where("access_time >= ?", startUnix)
 	}
 	if endDate != "" {
-		query += " AND access_time <= ?"
-		args = append(args, endDate+" 23:59:59")
+		endUnix := parseDateToUnix(endDate, true)
+		query = query.Where("access_time <= ?", endUnix)
 	}

-	query += `
-		GROUP BY date
-		ORDER BY date ASC
-	`
-
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, args...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
 	var results []AccessStats
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var s AccessStats
-		if err := rows.Scan(&s.Date, &s.Count); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		results = append(results, s)
-	}
-	return results, nil
+	err := query.Group("date").
+		Order("date ASC").
+		Scan(&results).Error
+
+	return results, err
 }

 // GetTopArticlesByAccess 获取访问量最高的文章
@@ -74,35 +55,18 @@ func GetTopArticlesByAccess(limit int) ([]struct {
 	Title     string `json:"title"`
 	Count     int    `json:"count"`
 }, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT l.article_id, p.title, COUNT(*) as count
-		FROM user_access_logs l
-		JOIN posts p ON l.article_id = p.id
-		GROUP BY l.article_id, p.title
-		ORDER BY count DESC
-		LIMIT ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, limit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
 	var results []struct {
 		ArticleID int    `json:"article_id"`
 		Title     string `json:"title"`
 		Count     int    `json:"count"`
 	}
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var r struct {
-			ArticleID int    `json:"article_id"`
-			Title     string `json:"title"`
-			Count     int    `json:"count"`
-		}
-		if err := rows.Scan(&r.ArticleID, &r.Title, &r.Count); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		results = append(results, r)
-	}
-	return results, nil
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.UserAccessLog{}).
+		Select("user_access_logs.article_id, posts.title, COUNT(*) as count").
+		Joins("JOIN posts ON user_access_logs.article_id = posts.id").
+		Group("user_access_logs.article_id, posts.title").
+		Order("count DESC").
+		Limit(limit).
+		Scan(&results).Error
+
+	return results, err
 }
--- a/server/repositories/user_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/user_repository.go
@@ -1,97 +1,51 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetUserByUsername 根据用户名获取用户
 func GetUserByUsername(username string) (*models.User, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT u.id, u.username, u.email, u.password_hash, u.role_id, COALESCE(r.name, u.role), u.is_active, u.created_at, u.updated_at, u.deleted_at 
-		FROM users u 
-		LEFT JOIN roles r ON u.role_id = r.id
-		WHERE u.username = ? AND u.deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, username)
-
 	var user models.User
-	var roleID sql.NullInt64    // Handle nullable role_id
-	var roleName sql.NullString // Handle nullable role name
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Select("users.*, COALESCE(roles.name, users.role) as role").
+		Joins("LEFT JOIN roles ON users.role_id = roles.id").
+		Where("users.username = ? AND users.deleted_at = ?", username, 0).
+		First(&user).Error

-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&user.ID,
-		&user.Username,
-		&user.Email,
-		&user.PasswordHash,
-		&roleID,
-		&roleName,
-		&user.IsActive,
-		&user.CreatedAt,
-		&user.UpdatedAt,
-		&user.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning user by username: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting user by username: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	if roleID.Valid {
-		user.RoleID = uint(roleID.Int64)
-	}
-	if roleName.Valid {
-		user.Role = roleName.String
-	}
-
 	return &user, nil
 }

 // GetUserByID 根据ID获取用户
 func GetUserByID(id uint) (*models.User, error) {
-	query := `
-		SELECT u.id, u.username, u.email, u.password_hash, u.role_id, COALESCE(r.name, u.role), u.is_active, u.created_at, u.updated_at, u.deleted_at 
-		FROM users u 
-		LEFT JOIN roles r ON u.role_id = r.id
-		WHERE u.id = ? AND u.deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var user models.User
-	var roleID sql.NullInt64
-	var roleName sql.NullString
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Select("users.*, COALESCE(roles.name, users.role) as role").
+		Joins("LEFT JOIN roles ON users.role_id = roles.id").
+		Where("users.id = ? AND users.deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&user).Error

-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&user.ID,
-		&user.Username,
-		&user.Email,
-		&user.PasswordHash,
-		&roleID,
-		&roleName,
-		&user.IsActive,
-		&user.CreatedAt,
-		&user.UpdatedAt,
-		&user.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning user by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting user by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	if roleID.Valid {
-		user.RoleID = uint(roleID.Int64)
-	}
-	if roleName.Valid {
-		user.Role = roleName.String
-	}
-
 	return &user, nil
 }

@@ -99,63 +53,34 @@ func GetUserByID(id uint) (*models.User, error) {
 func GetUsers(page, pageSize int) ([]models.User, int, error) {
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize

+	var users []models.User
+	var total int64
+
 	// 获取总数
-	var total int
-	countQuery := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(countQuery).Scan(&total)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&total).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting user count: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}

-	query := `
-		SELECT u.id, u.username, u.email, u.password_hash, u.role_id, COALESCE(r.name, u.role), u.is_active, u.created_at, u.updated_at, u.deleted_at 
-		FROM users u 
-		LEFT JOIN roles r ON u.role_id = r.id
-		WHERE u.deleted_at = 0
-		ORDER BY u.created_at DESC
-		LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, pageSize, offset)
+	// 获取用户列表
+	err = config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Select("users.*, COALESCE(roles.name, users.role) as role").
+		Joins("LEFT JOIN roles ON users.role_id = roles.id").
+		Where("users.deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("users.created_at DESC").
+		Limit(pageSize).
+		Offset(offset).
+		Find(&users).Error
+
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying users: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var users []models.User
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var user models.User
-		var roleID sql.NullInt64
-		var roleName sql.NullString
-
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&user.ID,
-			&user.Username,
-			&user.Email,
-			&user.PasswordHash,
-			&roleID,
-			&roleName,
-			&user.IsActive,
-			&user.CreatedAt,
-			&user.UpdatedAt,
-			&user.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning user: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if roleID.Valid {
-			user.RoleID = uint(roleID.Int64)
-		}
-		if roleName.Valid {
-			user.Role = roleName.String
-		}
-
-		users = append(users, user)
-	}
-
-	return users, total, nil
+	return users, int(total), nil
 }

 // CreateUser 创建用户
@@ -168,45 +93,12 @@ func CreateUser(user *models.User) error {
 		}
 	}

-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO users (username, email, password_hash, role_id, role, is_active, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-
-	var roleID interface{}
-	if user.RoleID != 0 {
-		roleID = user.RoleID
-	} else {
-		roleID = nil
-	}
-
-	result, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		user.Username,
-		user.Email,
-		user.PasswordHash,
-		roleID,
-		user.Role, // Fallback legacy column
-		user.IsActive,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(user).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating user: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	// 获取自增ID
-	id, err := result.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error getting last insert ID: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	user.ID = uint(id)
-	user.CreatedAt = now
-	user.UpdatedAt = now
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -220,29 +112,23 @@ func UpdateUser(user *models.User) error {
 		}
 	}

-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE users SET username = ?, email = ?, role_id = ?, role = ?, is_active = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-
-	var roleID interface{}
-	if user.RoleID != 0 {
-		roleID = user.RoleID
-	} else {
-		roleID = nil
+	updates := map[string]interface{}{
+		"username":   user.Username,
+		"email":      user.Email,
+		"role":       user.Role,
+		"is_active":  user.IsActive,
+		"updated_at": time.Now().Unix(),
 	}

-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		user.Username,
-		user.Email,
-		roleID,
-		user.Role,
-		user.IsActive,
-		now,
-		user.ID,
-	)
+	if user.RoleID != 0 {
+		updates["role_id"] = user.RoleID
+	} else {
+		updates["role_id"] = nil
+	}
+
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", user.ID, 0).
+		Updates(updates).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating user: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -253,12 +139,12 @@ func UpdateUser(user *models.User) error {

 // UpdateUserPassword 更新用户密码
 func UpdateUserPassword(id uint, passwordHash string) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE users SET password_hash = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, passwordHash, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"password_hash": passwordHash,
+			"updated_at":    time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating user password: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -269,9 +155,9 @@ func UpdateUserPassword(id uint, passwordHash string) error {

 // DeleteUser 删除用户 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteUser(id uint) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE users SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting user: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -282,17 +168,16 @@ func DeleteUser(id uint) error {

 // GetUserCount 获取用户总数
 func GetUserCount() (int, error) {
-	var count int
-	query := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query)
-
-	err := row.Scan(&count)
+	var count int64
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.User{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&count).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting user count: %v", err)
 		return 0, err
 	}

-	return count, nil
+	return int(count), nil
 }

 // BuildUserResponse 构建用户响应
--- a/server/repositories/work_repository.go
+++ b/server/repositories/work_repository.go
@@ -1,136 +1,67 @@
 package repositories

 import (
-	"database/sql"
 	"log"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/config"
 	"github.com/niangaodev/art-code/models"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 // GetWorks 获取所有作品
 func GetWorks() ([]models.Work, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, title, category, year, hero_img, description, is_featured, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM works WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var works []models.Work
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Find(&works).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying works: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var works []models.Work
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var work models.Work
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&work.ID,
-			&work.Title,
-			&work.Category,
-			&work.Year,
-			&work.HeroImg,
-			&work.Description,
-			&work.IsFeatured,
-			&work.CreatedAt,
-			&work.UpdatedAt,
-			&work.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning work: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		works = append(works, work)
-	}
-
 	return works, nil
 }

 // GetWorkByID 根据ID获取作品
 func GetWorkByID(id string) (*models.Work, error) {
-	query := "SELECT id, title, category, year, hero_img, description, is_featured, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at FROM works WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query, id)
-
 	var work models.Work
-	if err := row.Scan(
-		&work.ID,
-		&work.Title,
-		&work.Category,
-		&work.Year,
-		&work.HeroImg,
-		&work.Description,
-		&work.IsFeatured,
-		&work.CreatedAt,
-		&work.UpdatedAt,
-		&work.DeletedAt,
-	); err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", id, 0).
+		First(&work).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		log.Printf("Error scanning work by ID: %v", err)
+		log.Printf("Error getting work by ID: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return &work, nil
 }

 // GetWorkTechStack 获取作品的技术栈
 func GetWorkTechStack(workID string) ([]models.WorkTechStack, error) {
-	// work_tech_stack has deleted_at? I added it to all tables.
-	query := "SELECT id, work_id, category, item, created_at, deleted_at FROM work_tech_stack WHERE work_id = ? AND deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, workID)
+	var techStacks []models.WorkTechStack
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.WorkTechStack{}).
+		Where("work_id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", workID, 0).
+		Find(&techStacks).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying work tech stack: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var techStacks []models.WorkTechStack
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var techStack models.WorkTechStack
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&techStack.ID,
-			&techStack.WorkID,
-			&techStack.Category,
-			&techStack.Item,
-			&techStack.CreatedAt,
-			&techStack.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning work tech stack: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		techStacks = append(techStacks, techStack)
-	}
-
 	return techStacks, nil
 }

 // GetWorkGallery 获取作品的图库
 func GetWorkGallery(workID string) ([]models.WorkGallery, error) {
-	// work_gallery has deleted_at
-	query := "SELECT id, work_id, image_url, sort_order, description, created_at, deleted_at FROM work_gallery WHERE work_id = ? AND deleted_at = 0 ORDER BY sort_order"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, workID)
+	var galleries []models.WorkGallery
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.WorkGallery{}).
+		Where("work_id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", workID, 0).
+		Order("sort_order").
+		Find(&galleries).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying work gallery: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var galleries []models.WorkGallery
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var gallery models.WorkGallery
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&gallery.ID,
-			&gallery.WorkID,
-			&gallery.ImageURL,
-			&gallery.SortOrder,
-			&gallery.Description,
-			&gallery.CreatedAt,
-			&gallery.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning work gallery: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		galleries = append(galleries, gallery)
-	}
-
 	return galleries, nil
 }

@@ -194,22 +125,14 @@ func BuildWorkResponse(work *models.Work) (*models.WorkResponse, error) {

 // GetNextWorkID 获取下一个作品ID（简单实现，实际可能需要更复杂的逻辑）
 func GetNextWorkID(currentID string) (string, error) {
-	// 获取所有作品ID
-	query := "SELECT id FROM works WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query)
+	var ids []string
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Select("id").
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Pluck("id", &ids).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	var ids []string
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var id string
-		if err := rows.Scan(&id); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		ids = append(ids, id)
-	}

 	// 找到当前ID的索引
 	index := -1
@@ -234,67 +157,43 @@ func GetNextWorkID(currentID string) (string, error) {

 // CreateWork 创建作品
 func CreateWork(work *models.Work) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		INSERT INTO works (id, title, category, year, hero_img, description, is_featured, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at)
-		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 0)
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		work.ID,
-		work.Title,
-		work.Category,
-		work.Year,
-		work.HeroImg,
-		work.Description,
-		work.IsFeatured,
-		now,
-		now,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Create(work).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error creating work: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // UpdateWork 更新作品
 func UpdateWork(work *models.Work) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := `
-		UPDATE works SET title = ?, category = ?, year = ?, hero_img = ?, description = ?, is_featured = ?, updated_at = ?
-		WHERE id = ? AND deleted_at = 0
-	`
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(
-		query,
-		work.Title,
-		work.Category,
-		work.Year,
-		work.HeroImg,
-		work.Description,
-		work.IsFeatured,
-		now,
-		work.ID,
-	)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND deleted_at = ?", work.ID, 0).
+		Updates(map[string]interface{}{
+			"title":       work.Title,
+			"category":    work.Category,
+			"year":        work.Year,
+			"hero_img":    work.HeroImg,
+			"description": work.Description,
+			"is_featured": work.IsFeatured,
+			"updated_at":  time.Now().Unix(),
+		}).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error updating work: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 // DeleteWork 删除作品 (Soft Delete)
 func DeleteWork(id string) error {
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	query := "UPDATE works SET deleted_at = ? WHERE id = ?"
-	_, err := config.DB.Exec(query, now, id)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		Update("deleted_at", time.Now().Unix()).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error deleting work: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -302,51 +201,31 @@ func DeleteWork(id string) error {
 func GetAdminWorks(page, pageSize int) ([]models.Work, int, error) {
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize

+	var works []models.Work
+	var total int64
+
 	// 获取总数
-	var total int
-	countQuery := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM works WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	err := config.DB.QueryRow(countQuery).Scan(&total)
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&total).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting work count: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}

-	query := `
-		SELECT id, title, category, year, hero_img, description, is_featured, created_at, updated_at, deleted_at 
-		FROM works 
-		WHERE deleted_at = 0 
-		ORDER BY created_at DESC 
-		LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
-	`
-	rows, err := config.DB.Query(query, pageSize, offset)
+	// 获取列表
+	err = config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Order("created_at DESC").
+		Limit(pageSize).
+		Offset(offset).
+		Find(&works).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error querying admin works: %v", err)
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	defer rows.Close()

-	var works []models.Work
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var work models.Work
-		if err := rows.Scan(
-			&work.ID,
-			&work.Title,
-			&work.Category,
-			&work.Year,
-			&work.HeroImg,
-			&work.Description,
-			&work.IsFeatured,
-			&work.CreatedAt,
-			&work.UpdatedAt,
-			&work.DeletedAt,
-		); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error scanning work: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		works = append(works, work)
-	}
-
-	return works, total, nil
+	return works, int(total), nil
 }

 // BuildWorksResponse 构建作品列表响应
@@ -368,15 +247,13 @@ func BuildWorksResponse(works []models.Work) []models.WorkResponse {

 // GetWorkCount 获取作品总数
 func GetWorkCount() (int, error) {
-	var count int
-	query := "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM works WHERE deleted_at = 0"
-	row := config.DB.QueryRow(query)
-
-	err := row.Scan(&count)
+	var count int64
+	err := config.DB.Model(&models.Work{}).
+		Where("deleted_at = ?", 0).
+		Count(&count).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("Error getting work count: %v", err)
 		return 0, err
 	}
-
-	return count, nil
+	return int(count), nil
 }